Today the cells of many no longer maintain flagella but rather a similar short microtubule cilia. Cilia can be used to move cell and move fluids through water. In the bacterium, the chromosome consists of a single naked circle of DNA. In eukaryotes, each chromosome consists of a single linear DNA molecule and associated proteins. The
They have no internal membranes, no nuclear membrane, no endoplasmic reticulum, no mitochondria and no Golgi body. They do however have a cell wall but it is not made of cellulose. Protoctists are mostly small eukaryotic organisms, with membrane bound organelles and a nucleus, with a nuclear membrane. In this kingdom organisms such as algae, water moulds, slime moulds and protozoa are found. Fungi are also eukaryotic.
“Pro” translates to before and “Karyon” -deriving from the Greek word “kernel,” otherwise known as nucleus- reflects on the idea the prokaryote came before the nuclei was even developed. Digging deeper into the differences of a prokaryote and eukaryote, the results are fascinating. A eukaryote is much more complex than a prokaryote. This is proven by the intricate details in a eukaryote that the prokaryote lacks. Examples include: eukaryotes having organelles, a nuclear membrane and most imperative a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells are found in organisms such as bacteria, most commonly eubacteria and archae bacteria. Eukaryotic cells are therefore are found in all other living organisms, the name implying that there is a proper nucleus present. As there is no nucleus present in prokaryotic cells the DNA helix is a single coiled chromosome that is unsupported and so can float freely around the cell, however in a eukaryotic cell the DNA helix is made up of linear chromosomes supported by the histone protein. In Eukaryotic cells there is also a distinct nuclear membrane Prokaryotic cells are smaller than Eukaryotic cells, according to “Pharmaceutical Microbiology†the majority of bacteria fall within the general dimensions of 0.75 to 4mm compared to the size of common eukaryotic cells which can be up to 40 times larger than Prokaryotic cells and measure between 50 and 150mm. Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells both can contain a cell wall however in prokaryotic cells the cell wall is peptidoglycan (a mixture of sugar and protein) if the organism is a eubacteria, or pseudomurein if the organism is a archae bacteria whereas in eukarotic cells a cell wall is only present if the organism is a plant or a fungi and the cell wall is constructed of cellulose in plants or chitin if the organism is a fungi.
The Study of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Charles Lambert ITT Technical Institute Prokaryotes are organisms without a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. Most are unicellular, but some prokaryotes are multi-cellular. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton. The most characteristic membrane bound structure is the nucleus. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes.
Animal cells have a cell membrane allowing them flexibility to change structure into all types of organs and then turn into systems in plant cells they are slightly different as they have a cell wall giving it a more solid structure. Plants don’t need to move around! Mostly multi cellular, eukaryotic cells differ a lot from the prokaryotic cells (bacteria) which are unicellular and don't have a nucleus or any membrane bound organelles smaller in size the prokaryotic cell 0.1-10 µm compared to the eukaryotic cell which is 10 - 100µm In order for cells to survive they need an energy source Autotrophs (plant cells, virus cells) acquire there energy from light or chemical energy from their physical environment. Heterotrophs (animals, bacterial, fungal cells) gain their energy from other living organisms or there dead remains this phenomenon is known as metabolism these types of organisms are usually more complex. http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cells/common.html http://www.med.nus.edu.sg/ant/histonet/txt/tacsem/tac22.sem.html The liver detoxifies and removes harmful substances from the blood this electron micrograph shows us a Hepatocyte cell this predominant cell type in the liver performs most of the livers functions; metabolism, storage , secretion and bile production they absorb nutrients
All of the following are polysaccharides except: q. Glucose 9. Only bacteria cells have cell wall r. False 10. Which of the following terms best describes an organism that cannot exist in the presence of oxygen s. Obligate anaerobe 11. A denatured protein maintains its: t. Primary structure 12. In which stage of the bacterial growth (growth curve), the growth rate is equal to death rate.
How do bacteria reproduce? by binary fission. In this process the bacterium, which is a single cell, divides into two identical daughter cells. Binary fission begins when the DNA of the bacterium divides into two (replicates). 6.
There are two categories of cells; Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Prokaryotic cells are organisms that lack a nuclear membrane and can also be known as bacteria. Eukaryotes however do contain a nucleus and this is where the nucleus stores the eukaryote cell’s DNA. Another important difference is that eukaryotes contain membrane bound components in which specific activities take place. Eukaryotes are the most common type of cell and can be found in fungi, animal’s plants and humans.
All viruses have genes made from either DNA or RNA, all have a protein coat that protects these genes; and some have an envelope of fat that surrounds them when they are outside a cell. Fungi: Like plants and animals, fungi are multicellular organisms. One major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, unlike the cell walls of plants, which contain cellulose.The chitin adds rigidity and structural support to the thin cells of the fungus, and makes fresh mushrooms crisp Most members of the kingdom Fungi lack flagella; the structures are completely absent in all stages of their life Parasites: A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside another organism to the detriment of the host organism. These are of various forms and types.A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and gets its