It is common for those suffering from BPD and their families to feel confused by a lack of clear diagnosis, effective treatments and accurate information. It is true that the disorder originates in the families of those who suffer from it, and is closely related to traumatic events during childhood and to PTSD. SIGNS AND SYMTOMS Studies suggest that individuals with BPD tend to experience frequent, strong and Long-lasting states of aversive tension, often triggered by perceived rejection, being alone or perceived
How fast dementia progresses will depend on the individual person and what type of dementia they have. Each person is unique and will experience dementia in their own way. It is often the case that the person's family and friends are more concerned about the symptoms than the person may be themselves. The key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTSqaJFcU1RFX2EAxx7ilgPvdh41FXE_QRBdQBTl5vSTfsKHwHSzQ Temporal lobe = responsible foe vision, memory, language, hearing, learning Disturbance in function of the temporal lobe may be caused by ischaemic or haemorrhagic damage, as with a cerebrovascular event (CVE).
ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders and can carry on through adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behaviour and hyperactivity. Scientists are not sure what causes ADHD, but many studies suggest that genes are a factor. In addition to genetics, researchers are looking at possible environmental factors, and are studying how brain injuries, nutrition, and the social environment might cause ADHD. Children who have suffered a brain injury may show some behaviour similar to those of ADHD.
There seems to be no known cause for this at this time and more research is required to determine the exact reason for this. There does seem to be several studies that suggest that suicide is more often a result of child abuse if there is a history of mental disorders. PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) is the result of years of abuse. The perpetrator may have been abused themselves and suffered from mental disorders as well. We know from experience that the cycle of child abuse is often generational.
People who experience persistent PTSD often have a fragmented and disorganized memory of the event. This latter finding is consistent with the observation that persistent PTSD is more common in people who cope with traumatic events using dissociation. Dissociation may interfere with the formation of an organized, coherent memory of events. Research Support for the Cognitive Model of PTSD Research supports this cognitive model of PTSD. A number of studies cited in Ehlers and Clark (2000, p. 342) demonstrate the link between persistent PTSD and: appraisals of the trauma, beliefs about PTSD symptoms, and negative judgments about other people’s post-trauma responses.
The symptoms usually present in childhood, and are fully manifested for most during the 20s and 30s. Complications of the disorder can include problems with school and work, reckless behavior including risky sexual behavior, abusing drugs and alcohol, having difficulties in relationships, incarceration, as well as an early death which is usually caused by violence. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013) Anti-social personality disorder is diagnosed by a series of tests including lab exams, a physical exam, as well as a psychological evaluation. In order for someone to be diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder he or she must meet the following criteria as stated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
The Psychodynamic application and treatment of antisocial personality disorder is linked with the assumption that the sufferers are born into dysfunctional families with physical abuse tendencies, cruel, and are emotionally turbulent (Akhtar, 1992). Consequentially, children that are born into this type of aforementioned family setting may experience helplessness feelings especially when their parents are unleashing barrages of anger and violence on them. As a result, such child may resort into using defense mechanism of identification with the
Rabineer (2006) explained that as many as half of these children may participate in anti-social behaviour. These behaviours may range from acts such as petty theft, drug abuse and even violent acts of destruction or intentional harm to others. This provides us with yet another example of the challenges ADHD children pose on broader society. Taking into account the afore mentioned challenges ADHD children pose to society, it becomes pertinent to question the impact of their behaviour closer to home, that is, within their own family. Rabiner (1999) quoted the results of a study conducted by Kaplan, Crawford, Fisher and Dewey (1998) which revealed that parents of ADHD children reported feeling considerably dissatisfied with their family life.
On this test the abusing mothers indicated a high current level of attachment disorder, primarily anxious attachment, but with some tendency toward detachment as well. Thus the abusing mothers in the study demonstrated their overall sensitivity to separation, especially mild separation, and their feelings of helplessness anxiety, and anger in response to significant separation experiences. DeLozier suggest that these findings support the prediction that the abusing mothers in the study have experienced difficulty in their childhood attachments and in the development of internal representations of significant others as accessible and reliable, resulting in consequent adult attachment difficulties as well as in possible difficulties in the development of appropriate care-taking behaviour. There are implications that DeLozier perceives from her research and she summarises them as
What causes dissociative identity disorder? While there is no proven specific cause of DID, the prevailing psychological theory about how the condition develops is as a reaction to childhood trauma. Specifically, it is thought that one way that some individuals respond to being severely traumatized as a young child is to wall off, in other words, to dissociate those memories. When that reaction becomes extreme, DID may be the result. As with other mental disorders, having a family member with DID may indicate a potential vulnerability to developing the disorder but does not translate into the condition being literally hereditary.