PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS: · severe trauma suffered as a child, such as emotional, physical or sexual abuse. · an important early loss, such as the loss of a parent or child. · neglection. · poor ability to relate to others. (D1) outline how a named mental disorder is diagnosed.
The risk of becoming infected with C. difficile is ten times greater for people age 65 and up compared with younger people. Are or have recently been hospitalized, especially for an extended period, live in a nursing home or long term care facility, have serious underlying illness or a weakened immune system as a result of a medical condition or treatment (such
It is common for those suffering from BPD and their families to feel confused by a lack of clear diagnosis, effective treatments and accurate information. It is true that the disorder originates in the families of those who suffer from it, and is closely related to traumatic events during childhood and to PTSD. SIGNS AND SYMTOMS Studies suggest that individuals with BPD tend to experience frequent, strong and Long-lasting states of aversive tension, often triggered by perceived rejection, being alone or perceived
What causes dissociative identity disorder? While there is no proven specific cause of DID, the prevailing psychological theory about how the condition develops is as a reaction to childhood trauma. Specifically, it is thought that one way that some individuals respond to being severely traumatized as a young child is to wall off, in other words, to dissociate those memories. When that reaction becomes extreme, DID may be the result. As with other mental disorders, having a family member with DID may indicate a potential vulnerability to developing the disorder but does not translate into the condition being literally hereditary.
“What factors would a therapist take into account when planning treatment for a psychologically abused client?” Word count 3,121 Abuse can be very draining and soul destroying for the victim. There are several kinds of abuse which include, physical, emotional, financial, sexual, institutional, environmental, neglect, verbal, and isolation. These forms of abuse can happen to anyone at any age. If abuse happens during childhood it may transfer into adulthood, therefore the emotional scaring can be devastating for the person. They may have many contributing factors which effect everyday life that require exploration during the counselling process.
Childhood maltreatment studies have offered diverse predictors in the types of childhood maltreatment associated with BPD. Sexual abuse, inconsistent maltreatment by a female caretaker, emotional denial by a male caretaker, emotional neglect, and emotional abuse have all been found to be significant predictors of BPD (Hernandez, Arntz, Gaviria, Labad, & Gutiérrez-Zotes, 2012). Mentalization, the process in which we make sense of each other and ourselves, is undermined by genetic and early environmental factors (Fonagy, Luyten, & Strathearn, 2011). There may be several pathways that lead to developing BPD but childhood sexual abuse is the most frequently reported by 40-71% of patients with BPD. The severity of the disorder is also linked with the severity of the sexual abuse, which has led some clinicians to view BPD as a form of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (Lieb, Zanarini, Schmahl, Linehan, & Bohus,
Topic: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMMD) Chanda J. Smith COUN: 5130- Behavior Disorders of Children and Adolescence Date: November 12, 2013 Abstract There is much controversy over the addition of Disruptive Mood Disregulation Disorder (DMDD) to the DSM with Bipolar Disorder (BD) being a subset of the diagnosis specifically as it relates to children. So many children are being diagnosed with BD; the fear is that it is excessive use, when there could be another diagnosis that is not even being considered. Described perfectly in an article by Demitri Papalos,
For example: a boy who is reaching puberty age and his voice is starting to break, hormonal changes are occurring and he is experiencing anger, irritation and situations can become explosive without underlying predictors. Another example can be of person aging and starting to experience severe medical conditions or dementia and they become increasingly anxious, paranoid, confused and these emotions can become overwhelming and out of control. Situational Crisis – is defined by Roberts as unpredictable, unexpected and traumatic. For example: natural disasters, being a victim of violent crime, sexual assault, death of a loved one, etc. The Situational Crisis is an unexpected crisis that arises suddenly in response to an external event or a conflict concerning a specific circumstance.
However, little do they know that a person’s self-image is normally affected by their surroundings and the influence of other people. In addition to that, trauma is another cause of negative self-image. Guindon (2010) stated that family environments that have a high rate of chaos and abuse could cause serious consequences for children. Herman, a trauma expert stated that in terms of trauma, repeated trauma in adulthood damages the personality already formed but repeated trauma during childhood distorts their personality (as cited in Guindon, 2010). In short, trauma whether during childhood or adulthood causes a serious effect to the person's self-image and self-esteem and it would be hard if
A victim of rape (primary victimisation), for example, may be subjected to victim blaming and ostracism as the result of the attack; those who become disabled (primary victimisation) may be subjected to non-accommodation, medicalization, and segregation; and those who develop mental disorder (primary victimisation) may be subject to institutionalisation, that in each case may be far more victimising to these individuals and limiting of their life opportunity than the primary victimising stigmatic condition itself, and are thus called secondary victimisation. The disregards of victims’ needs following a crime against them can sometimes be so traumatic that it is called the “second rape” (in the case of rape) or “second assault”. Victims will feel let down and isolated by the criminal justice body, the medical body and any other institution that is meant to help them, but instead causes the victim in certain cases to start believing that it was in fact their fault or that they had a hand in causing the crime. During the court process, secondary victimisation takes place at various levels. Examples of this are where the victim is not afforded private waiting or report-taking facilities.