First, he points that not all addictions are chemical substances and there are many activities that can be addictive to people. These activities do not alter the brain in such a way to be able to say the addiction has changed the brain so much it is diseased. In addition, the American Society of Addiction Medicine declared addiction to be a brain disease based on findings that addictions effect
Outline and evaluate one or more explanations for sleep disorders (24 marks) Insomnia can be defined as problems with sleep patterns and in particular difficulties falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Some people who have very little sleep suffer no ill consequences and so a diagnosis of insomnia is not based on the number of hours slept but when the resulting daytime fatigue causes severe distress of impairs work, social or personal functioning for more than one month. Insomnia may be either secondary or primary. Secondary insomnia is when insomnia is caused by a psychiatric or medical disorder and is therefore often a symptom instead of another disorder. Some physical and psychiatric causes of secondary insomnia include depression, anxiety disorders, heart disease or Parkinson’s disease.
Level 3 Diploma in Health and Social Care Unit DEM 301 Understand the process and experience of dementia. Outcome1 | Understand the neurology of dementia | Outcome1.1 | Describe a range of causes of dementia syndromeDementia is not a single disease, but rather a non-specific illness syndrome (i.e., set of signs and symptoms)Alzheimer’s disease (AD) usually presents with loss of memory, especially for learning new information and later behaviour that challenges. Symptoms commonly include depression, apathy, agitation, disinhibition, psychosis (delusions and hallucinations), wandering, aggression, incontinence and altered eating habits.Vascular dementia (VaD) can present after an acute vascular event (for example, a stroke) planning problems, gait disturbance and apraxia (loss of ability to perform previously learned tasks). Behaviours that challenge are also common in VaD, with depression and apathy seen most frequently.Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterised by recurrent visual hallucinations, fluctuating cognitive disturbance and motor features of parkinsonism. Associated features in DLB are falls, disturbances of consciousness, autonomic dysfunction and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorderFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) usually presents with language disturbance and/or behavioural difficulties (either disinhibition or apathy),Korsakoff's syndrome is a brain disorder that is usually associated with heavy drinking over a long period.
Regardless of how long it goes on status epilepticus can always be potentially damaging. Status epilepticus can cause brain damage, severe retardation, and sometimes even death. Status epilepticus can be brought about just like the average seizure regardless of type or by an infection of the brain, such as meningitis or encephalitis. The most common cause is an extremely low or sudden drop in the amount of medication in blood level. Thankfully most of the time this can be stopped successfully with a person experiencing no permanent damage.
There are three types of dissociative disorders: Dissociative amnesia is a sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting. For example; a car accident or a home fire. My daughter suffered from dissociative amnesia after she was involved in a head-on car accident. The accident happened eight years ago and she still will not drive on highway 126 in Ventura, County. Dissociative fugue is when people lose their memory for their sense of personal identity.
The temporal lobe which is responsible for vision, memory, language, hearing and learning is affected. 1.3 Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia. Answer: Conditions such as depression, delirium and age related memory impairment could be mistaken as dementia as they show similar symptoms such as finding it difficult to make decisions, memory loss, low in mood and confusion, extreme emotions such as fear, anxiety, anger or depression, becoming easily distracted, low attention span, urinary incontinence and being withdrawn, with little or no activity or little response to the environment 2.1 Outline the medical model of dementia. Answer: The medical model relates to the clinical approach and treatment of
Amnesia may be anterograde (in which events following the causative trauma or disease are forgotten) or retrograde (in which events preceding the trauma or disease are forgotten). It can often be traced to a severe emotional shock, in which case personal memories (in effect, identity) rather than such abilities as language skills are affected. In amnesia patients, an episodic memory (memories linked to a certain place and time) is affected to a greater extent than semantic memory (memories for the meaning of information). Amnesia interacts directly in correlation with physiology because memory loss is most commonly caused by brain damage. The affected area of the brain is caused the hippocampi, which belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, therefore directly affecting the cognitive
Chapter 9 review test Hypnosis: is an altered state of consciousness brought on by special techniques, and characterized by responsiveness to suggestions for changes in perceptions and behavior. Hypnotic susceptibility: one of the stable characteristics of individuals, but not closely related to the personality traits such as those measured by the five-factor model in the general population. Age regression: is a phenomenon that exists when a person is hypnotized and receives a suggestion or instruction while hypnotized to recall an event from the past. Posthypnotic suggestions: affect the behavior after hypnosis has ended. Posthypnotic amnesia: inability to remember what happened under hypnosis.
Types of Amnesia a) Anterograde amnesia Anterograde amnesia happens as a result of brain trauma that involves the hippocampus, fornix, or mammillary bodies. Here the patient is unable to recollect events, that occur after the onset of the amnesia, for more than a few minutes. In other words, in these patients, recent events are not transferred to long-term memory. For example the patient is unable to recollect what his colleague’s name is or what he had for breakfast or which movie he saw the day before. Although the person''s intelligence, personality and judgment is intact he may have trouble in retaining his job because his day- to- day functional memory is poor.
With any severe injury, there is also usually a short period before the injury and events that occurred prior to the injury for which memory is lost which are often referred to as the retrograde Amnesia. Retrograde Amnesia in particular present interesting problems for any theory of the cerebral mechanism of memory, functioning normally, registration, retention and often recall of experiences all having actually occurred during a period sub sequently covered by a complete amnesia. In Anterograde amnesia patients often will loss memories of experiences that happen after the injury. These amnesias are interesting, because of their variable form and content and also because their time of onset can usually be accurately gauged and their duration measured. In assessing traumatic amnesia, it is usual to measure the post-traumatic amnesia as a period between the injury and the subsequent resumption of normal continuous memory.