1.) Discuss the mind-body problem by defining it and stating its specific points. How would you categorize Plato & Aristotle on this specific issue (hint: are they Dualists? Monists?). Describe how the theories of Plato and Aristotle fit along this mind-body issue.
Dualism vs. Materialism Churchland evaluates dualism in Matter and Consciousness. In evaluating dualism, he finds several key problems. Dualism is the theory that two things exist in the world: the mind and the physical world. This means that humans are made of two things, the mind and the body. Firstly, there are a lot of blanks and unknown answers when contemplating dualism.
INTRODUCTION The mind-body problem is one of the problems in philosophy and it concerns the question whether a valid distinction can be made between the mind and the body. If such distinction can be made, then we can ask whether in fact any things exist to which we can apply either term, or both terms. Also if there are things to which both terms can be applied, we can, for those cases, ask what the relationship is between the mind and the body. In this paper, I shall present the Cartesian dualism in contrast to monism vis-à-vis the mind-body problem. THE CONCEPT OF THE MIND The mind is the aspect of intellect and consciousness experienced as combinations of thought, perception, memory, emotion, will, and imagination, including all unconscious cognitive process.
Abstract In this paper I will perform an evaluation of Martha Rogers’s theory of the Science of Unitary Human Beings using Chinn & Kramer (2004) model for evaluating a theory. The evaluation will reflect description of the theory as well as critical reflection of the theory that Chinn & Kramer (2004) has utilized in developing the criteria for evaluating theories. Theory Critique Chinn and Kramer (as citied by Meleis, 2012) developed a model that has given a reviewer a set of questions to help in the evaluation of theories and the knowledge that it incorporates. The questions lead the reviewer through the description and critical reflection of the theory. In the following paragraphs I will address each question purposed as it relates to Martha Rogers’s theory of the Science of Unitary Human Beings.
Analyse the essential ideas in the Ontological Argument The Ontological (meaning ‘concerned with being’) argument is the only a priori argument for the existence of God. This means that it does not rely on the evidence of our senses for its premises or conclusion. It works by logical stages, which is self evidently true or logically necessary. This is one of its major strengths. It is also deductive, so the conclusion is the only possible one that could be deduced give the premises.
'Only Hard Determinism is justifiable' Discuss. Determinism is the idea that all actions are governed by laws outside of one’s control. Some philosophers believer that one’s ability to make free choices is an illusion whereas, others state that there is something else beyond understanding that may cause one’s actions to be determined. There are a variety of theories which are response to dealing with debate about free will and determinism. Hard determinism is the theory that human behaviour and actions are wholly determined by external factors, and therefore humans do not have genuine free will or ethical accountability.
Research design have to consist of the logic and structure inherent in any particular approach to data gathering. There are two types of validity those are: those that limit the certainty that internal interventions caused the changes in research findings,which is called internal validity, and those that affect the ability of researchers to generalize the research
| | | | 3 | Someone who believes that all behaviors have a physical cause is an adherent of which philosophical position? | a. | free will | | | b. | determinism | | | c. | hereditarianism | | | d. | environmentalism | | | | 4 | The adherents of free will disagree with the adherents of determinism with regard to whether behavior is: | a. | persistent.
Swinburne counted this by claiming that the order in the universe does require an explanation. As some is not even necessary for human survival. Just because we are there to observe it does not make it less unlikely. However Charles Darwin formulated the theory of natural selection which provided an alternative explanation for the design of the world, without reference to creation by God. ‘Natural selection, the blind, unconscious, automatic process which Darwin discovered, and which we now know is the explanation for this existence and apparently purposeful form of all life, has no purpose in mind’ Richard Dawkins supports Darwinian evolution and rejects God.
The computational representational theory of the mind (CRUM) is a theory devised to model the complexities of the human mind in cognitive science. Human thought processes have been simplified by thinking about abstract thought processes in terms of concrete computational procedures (Thagard, 11). CRUM theory surmises that thinking is the result of the application of operations to mental representations (Thagard, 11). Recent literature suggests our emotions are intrinsically tied to cognitive processes (Dalgleish and Power, 1999). Emotions are influential factors that affect mental representations such as concepts, analogies and imagery in cognitive science.