HW Ch 16 - pp 517 thru 529, pp 533 thru 539 - psyc 107 Fall 2010 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. __D__ 1. The text defines stress as: a. the negative emotional responses people experience when they are threatened b. the increased arousal people experience when they are threatened c. any environmental event that produces elevated heart rate and blood pressure d. the physical and psychological reactions people have to demanding situations __A__ 2. Hans Selye introduced the model of stress reaction called the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). Selye was convinced that reactions to stressful situations: a. were general and nonspecific b. differed, depending on the type of stressor that was present c. were stronger when people had other physical illnesses d. differed, depending on the personality characteristics of the individual __A__ 3.
Workers are susceptible to different work- related differences, which can create burnout. Burnout is condition of physical, mental, or emotional exhaustion, which is caused by unnecessary and monotonous anxiety from attachment to individuals in sensitively challenging circumstance. Burnout is compiling of three key issues: emotional fatigue, feelings of little personal achievements with customers, and an awareness of depersonalization thoughts. Suffer exhaustion should be averted for the fact that it has a momentous outcome on human services workers, consumers, and even corporations. Available is a big catalog that can be categorized into sets of what causes burnout.
Cortisol is sometimes referred to as a ‘stress hormone’ because it is produced in times of stress. The high levels of cortisol are not surprising as many depressive episodes are preceded by stressful events. Given this, the high levels of cortisol may be a result rather than a cause of depression – they may be produced as a response to stress rather than a cause of the disorder. The Biological Model states that psychological disorders are caused, at least in part, by biological factors. This suggests that treatment should
Stress also increases the heart rate and can lead to the increase of blood pressure, thus Hypertension and can lead to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Although this disease can be caused by the indirect effects. Indirect effects of stress are associated with the bad habits that stress causes us to take part in, these included smoking, poor diet and alcohol abuse. These poor habits can thus lead to ill-effects on one’s health. These issues are more related to chronic stress rather than acute stress and it occurs for a long period, thus affecting health for a longer period.
The steps used in goal setting are outlined from the text and sorted in their order of importance. Their relation to successful emergency management is described in context as part the definition of productivity in a working program. Goal Setting and Emergency Management Sagging productivity is a major problem in the United States as well as in many other countries. From the attention given to the problem in the news media, declining growth in productivity is clearly of great concern to managers, economists, and political leaders, as well as to many citizens. Certainly, this attention is warranted; sagging productivity adds to inflation, which, in turn, degrades quality of life.
The stress response is experienced when you feel like you’re encountering a threat and don’t know how to deal with it. The stressor is the ‘threat’ that causes stress, e.g. exams, death of a loved one, losing your job, divorce. If you do suffer with stress, you’ll have an increase in heart rate, increase in breathing and also you don’t feel hungry. The immune system is a collection of billions of cells that travel through the bloodstream; there are B cells and T cells.
Cortisol is released when an individual is mentally stressed. Research has confirmed that cortisol can cause anxiety and depression, and contribute to higher chances of anxiety attacks. This hormone can have a powerful effect on your brain, anything that increases cortisol production or decreases cortisol reduction can cause anxiety. Increases of the hormone cortisol can cause chronic stress and chronic stress can damage an individual’s brain structure and connectivity. Also, chronic stress, depression and anxiety can cause lack of appetite, high blood pressure, decrease in muscle tissue, decreased bone density, lowered immunity and inflammatory responses in the body and slow would healing.
Outline and evaluate research into Stress and the Immune System Stress is the feeling of being under too much mental or emotional pressure, and is experienced when a person's perceived environmental, social, and physical demands exceed their perceived ability to cope. Stress itself is not an illness but can cause an illness if not tackled. By being stressed, it leads to an increase in cortisol (a hormone produced by the adrenal gland), and this increase in cortisol leads to a decrease in immune system functioning, which therefore leads to several illnesses. The main function of the immune system is to protect the body from infectious agents such as viruses and other toxins. In support of this theory, a natural experiment was carried out by Kiecolt Glasser et al in 1984.
It is also a significant cost that most businesses simply bear because it is part of ‘working hard’ and often difficult to accurately identify. Fatigue can have deadly consequences, especially in environments where a loss of alertness can threaten the health and safety of the employee or others. THE IMPACT OF FATIGUE Fatigue can have considerable impact on organisations and individuals. These include: (i) Organisational costs The direct costs to organisations include; Increased rates of incidents and accidents Loss of productivity Higher maintenance costs Higher levels of absenteeism and turnover. (ii) Health effects on employees Fatigue may have adverse effects on the health of individuals.
Conventional psychology suggested that displaced aggression was closely connected with low-self esteem. However since the breakthrough study by Baumeister (1996), conventional wisdom has given way to a startling revelation, i.e. people with high ego are more likely to engage in displaced aggressive behavior than people with lower self esteem. Displaced aggression can be found in numerous cases and in varied situations. It is often observed in the behavior of the victim who transfers his own aggression and frustration to the next link on the chain.