There seems to be no known cause for this at this time and more research is required to determine the exact reason for this. There does seem to be several studies that suggest that suicide is more often a result of child abuse if there is a history of mental disorders. PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) is the result of years of abuse. The perpetrator may have been abused themselves and suffered from mental disorders as well. We know from experience that the cycle of child abuse is often generational.
Repression is difficult to study under laboratory conditions. Non-experimental evidence where adults recover repressed memories of childhood abuse exists but there is controversy as some argue that the "memories" are false. Andrews et al. (1999) looked at reports of recovered memories from 236 therapy patients. 41% reported corroborative evidence.
This supports Bowlby's theory of sensitive period. There was another study conducted by Stout, Stout conducted a study of Romanian orphans who had experienced severe conditions and found that they later suffered permanent psychological damage, including no ability to interact with people and increased aggression. Psychologists successfully showed the impacts of institutionalisation; a strength of Hodges and Tizards study was that it was longitudinal so the researchers were able to see how the institution affected the children over many years. However a weakness of this longitudinal method involves attrition, where many of the children may have left the study because they were well adjusted, therefore resulting in a biased remaining sample - children with pleasant behaviour are more likely to be adopted. Some research suggests that individuals who do not form a primary attachment within the early sensitive period are unable to recover, however, in the study of romanian orphans, one third recovered well therefore privation alone cannot explain negative outcomes.
I have worked with youngsters and adults with ADHD and find it astounding that in certain cases little is known by families, carers and the individuals about this disorder. Is this in light of the fact that resources are lacking, or on the grounds that opinions are divided on the condition itself? Alison Munden (1999) remarked that numerous families come to become despondent, on the grounds that their endeavours to find either a explanation for ADHD or a cure have been unsuccessful. I will begin with a brief look at the common treatments for ADHD followed by a literature review exploration of the choice of ADHD treatments. There are a lot of conflicting views and opinions for the treatment of ADHD I will look at four types or “treatments”
This is not the case when comparing them to the previous generation. This is what Clive Thompson’s essay argues about, but instead of directly targeting young people, he blames parents, the society, and social networks. Indeed, when compared to the previous generations, parents and society were stricter. With the arrival of social networks, teens tend to spend more time on it rather than face to face. Because of the impact of the society and parents plus the evolution of new technologies, young people are less and less able to communicate face to face.
People need to be educated about the pain that can be caused by overzealous therapists. In June 1991 our then 30-yearold daughter began seeing a therapist for depression following her divorce. After seeing her for less than a month, this man analyzed her dreams and told her that the depression was from repressed memories of sexual abuse. Since then, she has broken all contact with us. Her siblings, however, do not believe the accusations.
However, there were a few individuals who disagreed with the idea of physical punishment and promoted a more nurturing approach. In today’s research it has come to be believed that physical punishment, even its smallest forms, can have harmful and negative effects. Today spanking is becoming more a thing of the past and time-outs or other e, such as reasoning with a child, are becoming the major parenting practice. In the past many individuals believed that you could not reason with children because they lacked the mental capacity. Physical punishment was the only way to get your point across.
There is an increased risk of non-compliance due to: lack of insight, side effects and subjective response to medication. Lastly, a significant problem is substance use. Substance use/abuse can lead to an exacerbation of psychotic symptoms and suppression of the effect of antipsychotic medication. Barkhof et al. (2006) states that substance abuse frequently leads to conflict with family members, causing higher levels of expressed emotions, equaling a psychotic relapse.
Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder is a disorder that affects mental health and causes major emotional instability. It can lead to other mental as well as behavioral problems. A person with borderline personality disorder usually has a very distorted self-image and often feels worthless. He/she often experiences frequent mood swings, anger, and impulsiveness, which may push people away, even if he wants to have meaningful relationships. Don’t despair if you have this type of personality disorder.
However, little do they know that a person’s self-image is normally affected by their surroundings and the influence of other people. In addition to that, trauma is another cause of negative self-image. Guindon (2010) stated that family environments that have a high rate of chaos and abuse could cause serious consequences for children. Herman, a trauma expert stated that in terms of trauma, repeated trauma in adulthood damages the personality already formed but repeated trauma during childhood distorts their personality (as cited in Guindon, 2010). In short, trauma whether during childhood or adulthood causes a serious effect to the person's self-image and self-esteem and it would be hard if