Normally, net diffusion of both solute and water occurs until the concentration of water (and solute) is the same on both sides of the membrane (equilibrium). When the membrane is impermeable to solutes it creates a different result. In this situation, water diffuses from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration. This continues until its concentration is the same on the two sides of the membrane. The movement of water leads to dramatic changes in the volumes of the two compartments.
Slowly add the water mixed with oil and stir over medium heat until mixture thickens to dough. Let cool a few minutes and then knead until smooth. Kool-Aid Play dough with Alum (Nonedible) Alum is a pickling spice found in the spice section of your grocery store. It makes the play dough last longer. • 2, 1/2 cups flour • ½ cup salt • 1 Tbsp Alum • 1 package unsweetened Kool-Aid (6 g Pkg.)
If we place the potato in a sucrose solution with a similar solute concentration as a potato, then the least amount of water will diffuse into or out of the potato cells. This occurs because this scenario will be initially closest to an isotonic solution, allowing us to determine the solute concentration of a potato. Materials: * Knife/ Cork Borer * Seven 30 cm pieces of Dialysis tubing * Thirteen 250 mL Beakers * 15% Glucose Solution * Glucose Test Strips * 1% Starch Solution * Distilled water * Lugol’s solution * 25 mL of: * .2 M sucrose * .4 M sucrose * .6 M sucrose * .8 M sucrose * 1 M sucrose * Paper Towels * Clock * Potatoes * Plastic
Decant(ing): Decanting is a way of separating a solid from a liquid. We can carefully pour a liquid from a solid, provided the solid is quite dense and resides on the bottom of a container. The easiest way to accomplish this is to hold a glass stir rod against the lip of the container containing the solid and liquid, and gently pour the liquid down the stir rod into a new container. Extraction: Extraction is a way to separate two components with different solubilities, that is, extract one chemical from another. Extraction relies on a principle called serial dilution.
We let them soak for 20 minutes than we removed them from the test tubes. Next we measured their new weights and recorded them. They were; 10% NaCl decreased by 4%, 15% NaCl decreased by 8%, and 20% NaCl decreased by 12.5%.The results showed us the conclusion that the potatoes were hypertonic to the deionized water and were hypotonic to the sodium chloride solutions. Introduction: The objective of this experiment is to detect diffusion and osmosis in potato cells in 3 solutions. Diffusion is the spontaneous spread of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Simple and Fractional Distillation of Cyclohexane and Toluene Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to become familiar with the processes of simple and fractional distillation. In this experiment a mixture of two volatile compounds, cyclohexane and toluene, were separated with the process of distillation. Distillation relies on each compound having distinct and separate boiling points. The pure products were analyzed with gas chromatography to determine the success of the distillation. Introduction: Distillation is the process of heating a liquid until it boils, then condensing and collecting the resulting hot vapors.
The test tube that showed signs of change was the test tube that contained I2 & H, which turned dark red and had some strong odor and did dissolved. I think it would be a chemical change because it showed that it dissolved and had an odor to it. 5. Was the reaction in Test 2 a physical or chemical change? Why?
A) is neutralized by water B) is surrounded by water molecules C) reacts and forms a covalent bond to water D) aggregates with other molecules or ions to form a micelle in water Answer: B Page Ref: Section 3 11 9) Which would you expect to be most soluble in water? A) I B) II C) III D) IV Answer: A Page Ref: Section 3 10) Solutes diffuse more slowly in cytoplasm than in water because of A) the higher viscosity of water. B) the higher heat of vaporization of water. C) the presence of many crowded molecules in the cytoplasm. D) the absence of charged molecules inside cells.
Solutes meaning: the substance that is being dissolved, while solvents meaning: substance being dissolved into, much like diffusion. Diffusion can be defined as particles that move from a higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Diffusion is one of the key processes involved in the movement of materials into and out of cells throughout living systems. Osmosis is the diffusion of the water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated. Different solutions can be categorized as hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic as different concentrations.
EXP 2.13: MEASUREMENT OF THE CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATIONOF A SURFACTANT ABSTRACT The aim of this experiment is to measure the critical micelle concentration of sodium dodecysulphate. This will be done by using the conductivity method which will involve measuring the conductivity of a solution during a titration. The second part of the experiment will involve using spectrophotometric method to determine the maximum wavelengths at different concentrations. INTRODUCTION in colloidal and surface chemistry the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of a surfactant is the concentration where micelles begin to form [1]. Surfactants are compounds that contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups.