This means that the solutions have the same concentration of solutes. If two solutions differ in the concentration of solutes that each has, the one with more solute is hypertonic. The solution that has less solute it is hypotonic. How do different concentrations of the source affect the rate of osmosis? If the concentration of sucrose is increased in the selective permeable bag, then the rate of the osmosis will also increase.
Way sodium excretion affects pressure can be described as follows: if the kidney requires high pressure to excrete a given load of salt, then, at lower pressures, sodium and water are retained, and the blood volume rises. An increased blood volume returns more blood to the heart, thereby increasing cardiac output. The increased output is sensed by the peripheral vessels, which do not like increased flow and constrict in response, and auto regulation increases arterial resistance. The reverse occurs when the pressure rises: more salt and water are excreted, and that lowers blood volume, which reduces cardiac output. Sensing lesser flow, arterioles auto regulates by dilating, which reduces peripheral resistance.
Water potential is a measure of the amount of free kinetic energy of water molecules in a solution. Osmosis is described as the movement of water molecules from a higher water potential to a lower water potential across a selectively permeable membrane. The solute potential of a cell or solution lowers the amount of free kinetic energy that the water molecules possess ie. Lowers the water potential. As the concentration of sucrose solution increased the solute potential of the solution also became more negative.
It is important for an IV solution to have salts in it so the water and solute can be equal to create an isotonic environment. If there wasn’t, there would either be a hypotonic causing the cell to burst, or there would be hypertonic causing the cell to shrink. We created models of living cells by using dialysis tubing. The dialysis tube represented the cell membrane to act as selectively permeable to water and some solutes. We observed different solutes (NaCl, Ovalbumin, Glucose, Sucrose, and Water) in the dialysis tubing.
Surface area to volume ratio has a direct effect on the amount of water (as well as nutrients and waste) that can diffuse through the plasma membrane. It is a big factor in determining the size of a cell (Biology Department, 2010). This is because the rate that substances can diffuse across the plasma membrane
Smaller solutes and fluid pass through the membrane, but the membrane blocks the passage of larger substances (for example, red blood cells, large proteins). This replicates the filtering process that takes place in the kidneys, when the blood enters the kidneys and the larger substances are separated from the smaller ones in the glomerulus. a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. In this lab, one will observe the properties of diffusion and osmosis and model the data one receives on a standard curve. With knowledge of water potentials, one can chart the gains and losses of water to find the molarity of a specific solution.
Thus we are able to find that the pressure of gas is inversely proportional to the volume with fixed temperature. One of the major sources in this experiment is that the contact of human body to the syringe will raise the temperature of syringe, thus the pressure will be higher. We can use some mechanical device to adjust the volume of air in the syringe. It will help to
Intro. 1.1- (1)Diffusion- Is the movement of atoms/ molecules in a random fashion, moving from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water. Osmosis- Is simply the diffusion of water molecules from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water through a semi-permeable membrane. : Process of Osmosis and diffusion. 1.2- Important factors affecting osmosis and diffusion would be how concentrated the solution or solute is, the temperature that the environment or the solution is.
When CO2 is higher, pH is lower or acidic. When pH is acidic, hemoglobin is released to tissues that need oxygen. The relationship between oxygen affinity and pH Compare the biochemical structure of hemoglobin to myoglobin The molecular difference between normal and sickle forms of hemoglobin The difference between normal and sickle red blood cells at the cellular level How the diseased cells are different from normal red blood cells in their capacity to carry oxygen A normal RBC is round and concave shaped that easily moves through the bloodstream. A sickle hemoglobin releasing oxygen sticks together, forms fiber formations that causes the sickle appearance. This decreases the capacity to carry oxygen and also by not moving through smaller circulation easily causes blockages.
Osmolarity involves the movement of water across a cell membrane which is osmosis, this movement of water can be hypertonic; a higher concentration of a solute inside the cell which means the cell loses mass, hypotonic; a lower solute concentration inside the cell than outside which means the cell gains mass, or isotonic; a solute concentration the same as the outside of the cell which means there is no net movement of water. In a hypertonic solution in a cell water will leave the cell in order to balance the solute concentration making the cell shrink, in a hypotonic solution however water will enter the cell to balance the concentration. In an isotonic solution water will not move since both sides are equal in concentration. b. Purpose-The purpose of this lab was to determine the osmolarity of plant cells by using potato cores as the cells and sugar as the solute. c. Hypothesis-My hypothesis was that if the amount of solute increases then the then potato core’s weight decreases.