This process is fractional distillation. c) Some properties of hydrocarbons depend on the size of their molecules. These properties influence how hydrocarbons are used as fuels. boiling points viscosity flammability. C1.4.3 Hydrocarbon fuels Additional guidance: a) Most fuels, including coal, contain carbon and/or hydrogen and may also contain some sulfur.
In the coal gasification process the air and stream are added to the raw coals then heat it to hundred degrees Fahrenheit. The carbon in the coal then react with the oxygen and the water then produces other gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane. The carbon dioxide from the process is waste and can go to the atmosphere. The other gases can be burned or sent to the next process. Then the second process is after we get the processed and filtered coal, gas or water or carbon dioxide can be added to balance the amount of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
Starting at the bottom we have a lifting charge which contains good ole black powder. The lifting charge gets the party started by creating an explosion after it is ingnited by the fuse. An explosion occurs which produces hot rapidly expanding gases . This is an example of the “Law of Volumes” which is an experimental gas law which describes how gases tend to expand when heated. Since all the kenetic energy is contained in a tube the shell has no place to go but up.
The molecules of gas have a comparatively large space between them. Conduction occurs only in solids which have closely packed molecules whose motion is restricted to vibration in the same position within the solid mass. The addition of heat energy, due to this compactness, is translated to Kinetic Energy (greater vibrational motion) which is immediately transferred to neighbouring molecules and the Heat Transfer by Conduction is Achieved. Conduction is the fastest form of Heat transfer. Convection, heat transfer in fluids (Liquids and Gases) is due to rising currents of fluid due to decrease in Density.
Thermal runaway reaction occurs when the heat generated by a reaction goes beyond the heat removal caused by the available cooling capacity. Heat is accumulated leading to a gradual rise in the temperature of the reaction mass; this causes an increase to the rate of reaction and increases the speed of rate of heat generation. [1] Why are thermal runaway reactions dangerous on industrial scale? Thermal runaway reactions are always said to be dangerous on an industrial scale since the reactions go faster in an industry where they tend to reach higher temperatures. As you would already know that exothermic reactions tend to release quite a large amount of heat, so when the reaction mixture gets very warm, a very hot exothermic reaction begins.
Chemical environment surrounding the carbons are different and therefore affecting the character of the hydrogens attached. This difference in chemical environment finally explains the different interaction between hydrogen and chlorine. Determination of percent yield, and relative reactivity data was processed after the products of the reaction were analyzed using Gas Chromatography. Percent yield was calculated for each isomer and determined to be; 5.94% for 1,1-dichlorobutane, 23.1% for 1,2-dichlorobutane, 47.1% for 1,3-dichlorobutane, and 23.9% for 1,4-dichlorobutane. The relative reactivity of the hydrogens H1, H2, H3 , and H4 were 0.37, 1.4, 2.9, and 1.0 respectively.
It also have some very harmful effects on humans and nature. It creates large amount of pollution, destroys the nature and also increases the diseases in human societies. As in documentary about “The Ethics of Fracking” by Marleen troy PhD (Environmental Engineer), Bernard Prausak and Rabbi Mordechai Liebling.
The plasma furnace is the central component of the system where gasification and vitrification takes place. Plasma torches are mounted at the bottom of the reactor, they provide high temperature air (i.e., almost three times higher than traditional combustion temperatures) which allow for the gasification of the waste materials. The gas produced in the furnace system is referred to as synthesis gas. This gas then enters the synthesis gas cleaning system. Gas cleaning refers to the process of removing acid gases, suspended particulates, heavy metals and moisture from the synthesis gas prior to entering the energy recovery system where power, steam and synthetic fuels can be obtained.
The energy in the radiator is transferred to the air. Explain the factors that affect the rate of energy transfer in the engine and radiator. • The rate of energy transfer depends on the temperature difference between the system and the surroundings • Bigger the temperature differences between the radiator and the air, faster the rate of energy transfer. • Radiator contains water which has a very high specific heat capacity. So it can absorb a large amount of heat from the engine • Both the radiator and engines are made of metal which makes both of them good conductors of heat.
The natural causes include the release of greenhouse gasses such as methane (CH4). Man-made causes probably cause the most damage. One of the main ones in discussion is pollution. Pollution can be of many different forms for example burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are fuels made of organic matter such as oil or coal.