Development of Agriculture in Post Reform Era

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DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN POST REFORMS ERA BY SAGAR CHANDRAKAR INTRODUCTION In India, economic growth has improved significantly during the past two and a half decades, particularly in the post-reform period. Agriculture sector is the mainstay of the Indian economy, contributing about 15 per cent of national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and more importantly, about half of India’s population is wholly or significantly dependent on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood (GOI, 2011).The contribution of agricultural sector to GDP has continued to decline over the years,while that of other sectors, particularly services, has increased. In 1970-71 agriculturecontributed about 44 percent of GDP, which declined to 31.4 percent and 14.6 percent in 1990-91 and 2009-10. However share of agricultural imports to total national imports increased from 2.8 percent in 1990-91 and reached a high of 8.2 percent in 1998-99.Importance of agriculture in a country like India is not likely to decline due to concernsfor food security, employment, rural poverty and availability of wage goods So because of all this problems arouse in agricultural sector, different plans and policies by Indian Govt. have stressed on self-sufficiency and self-reliance in foodgrains production and concerted efforts in this direction have resulted in substantial increase in agricultural production and productivity. These measures would create a potentially more profitable agriculture, which would be able to bear the economic costs of technological modernization &expansion. Indian agriculture has been facing major challenges likedeceleration in growth rate, inter-sectoral and inter-regional equity, declining input efficiency,degradation of natural resources, etc. with consequent adverse effects on food and nutritionalsecurity, food inflation and poverty reduction. However,

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