Consumer price and producer price in 2009 to 2012 continue to drop and raise the price for consumers was not steady. The direction and magnitude of price change in the Producer Price Index for finished goods anticipates a similar change in the Consumer Price Index for all items. When this assumed relationship is contradicted by the actual movements of the two series. The answer is that conceptual and definitional differences between the PPI and CPI—differences which are consistent with the uses of the two measures—contribute to the differences in their price movements. A primary use of the PPI is to deflate revenue streams in order to measure real growth in output.
Answer: D - The Fed uses three policy tools to manipulate the money supply: ________, which affect reserves and the monetary base; changes in ________, which affect the monetary base; and changes in ________, which affect the money multiplier. A) open market operations; borrowed reserves; margin requirements B) open market operations; borrowed reserves; reserve requirements C) borrowed reserves; open market operations; margin requirements D) borrowed reserves; open market operations; reserve requirements Answer: B - The primary indicator of the Fedʹs stance on monetary policy is A) the discount rate. B) the federal funds rate. C) the growth rate of the monetary base. D) the growth rate of M2.
Equilibrium in the asset market is described by the condition that real money supply equals real money demand because when supply equals demand for money, demand must also equal supply for nonmonetary assets. The aggregation assumption that is needed for this is that we can lump all wealth into two categories: (1) money and (2) nonmonetary assets. 8. In equilibrium, the price level is proportional to the nominal money supply; in particular it equals the nominal money supply divided by real money demand. Similarly, the inflation rate is equal to the growth rate of the nominal money supply minus the growth rate of real money demand.
These factors indicate current and future values of the short-term rates, therefore it creates issue with future long-term rates. Lower rates and positive economic activity adds value to the dollar in oversea markets. Households spending increases, businesses invest in property and equipment, and production leads to new hires. Conversely, when inflation is threatening, the Fed reduces the risk by shrinking the supply (Keynes,
| FIFO perpetual method. | C. | LIFO periodic method. | D. | LIFO perpetual method. | In a period of rising prices, the LIFO method always produces the lowest ending inventory and LIFO periodic results in a lower inventory than LIFO perpetual. | | 4.
The expenditure method: the sum of the total expenditure on goods and services by households, govts and exports . (the value of exports minus the value of imports) 3. The income method: The sum of the income generated in the production of goods and services, which includes profits, wages and other employee payments, econome from rent and interest earned. Production, income and the circular flow diagram: The circular flow diagram shows the flow of spending and money in the economy. It illustrates the equality between GDP measured from the income and expenditure methods.
Discuss surplus-enhancing transactions in markets 6. Explain how elasticity affects the way in which the burden of a per-unit tax is shared between buyers and sellers 7. Explain how elasticity affects the size of the deadweight loss created by a per-unit tax **NOTE: All of chapter 5 of Hubbard, Garnett, Lewis and O’Brien (2011) Microeconomics, 2nd edition, Pearson is required reading. 1. Consumer surplus The difference between the highest price a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service, and the price they actually pay.
Explain how it works. Answer: A method of estimating the price elasticity of demand by observing the change in total revenue that results from a change in the price, when all other influences
Intrinsic value is the sum of all the future expected free cash flows converted into today’s dollars. i. Who are the providers (savers) and users (borrowers) of capital? How is capital transferred between savers and borrowers? The providers (savers) are households and the U.S. government when it runs a surplus.
Explain the meaning of money multiplier and its role? (6) The money multiplier calculates the maximum amount of money that an initial deposit can be expanded to with a given reserve ratio. Money multiplier can also be expressed as a ratio of a change in money supply divided by a change in money base. The role of the multiplier is that it explains why output fluctuates.the money multiplier is a multiple of reserves; this multiple is the reciprocal of the reserve ratio, and it is an economic multiplier.In monetary economics, a money multiplier is one of various closely related ratios of commercial bank money to central bank money under a fractional-reserve banking system. Most often, it measures the maximum amount of commercial bank money that can be created by a given unit of central bank money.