His methods included increasing the effectiveness of certain existing methods to bring income to the crown, this included: * Ordinary revenue, this came in annually from crown lands and custom duties but also included the profits of justice (fines) and feudal dues on the lands retained in return for military services. Crown lands mean that Edward gained land from nobles so if a noble was to die, the king gained his land. This situation happened many times, with the Duke of Clarence and Warwick. Custom duties are taxes on imported goods. Edward IV was innovative and was interested in business and especially key commodities: tin, wool and cloth.
After the rule of the Mongol over Russia, many of the free peasants had fallen into debt and were forced to work as laborers on the large estates owned by nobles. The Russian serfdom system expanded as more land was added to the empire. This similarity exists between these two systems of forced labors because as both the Spanish and Russian empire expanded, forced labor became necessary to maintain the empires’ economic status. The best social classes to demand labor from are the poorer social classes, in this case, the Russian peasants and Native Americans of the new world. Another similarity between Russian serfdom and the Spanish encomienda system is that both the serfs and the natives were born into their social class, thus born into the system of forced labor, although
Most of the ex-samurai families were initially in a great position to wield power in the new government, since they tended to be the land owners. There were some exceptions however, since in the new economy profit meant power, the merchant class did see a rise in influence in the new political system. Unfortunately this new power applied only to the very wealthy merchants who could make vast profits trading with other countries. The Oligarchs ended up opening the government somewhat to ‘commoners’ but only so far that they tended to pick people from the old ruling families since they tended to be the best educated, in effect keeping power in the Elites
The men who leased land from the King were known as Barons; they were wealthy, powerful and had complete control of the land they leased from the King. Barons leased land from the King which was known as a manor. They were known as the Lord of the Manor and were in complete control of this land. They established their own system of justice, minted their own money and set their own taxes. In return for the land they had been given by the King, the Barons had to serve on the royal council, pay rent and provide the King with Knights for military service when he demanded it.
Karl Marx, born 1818, was alive during a time which saw the biggest period of change in Britain in modern times, a time of Industrialisation. In a relatively short space of time, one hundred to two hundred years, Britain had gone from a long standing agrarian society to the first industrial society the world had seen. A historic move from a farming economy to an economy based on factory production had taken place. This undoubtedly had an influence on his theory, which concentrated on the capitalist system Britain had so abruptly moved in to, why it had come about, it's inherent problems and why it would eventually fall to a conflict free society. In this new capitalist period, the more simplified means of production as seen in feudalism, had developed into a “complex industrial state” as stated in Haralambos and Holborn (2008).
But firstly, how did the aristocrats get rich in the first place? Looking at the modern world, the richest people such as Steve Jobs or Bill Gates only became so because they were capable of maintaining a large business. Furthermore, they did not just start a business on any random thing, but businesses in what dictates life the most today: technology. Going back to the 19th century, there were several extremely important things for living, and that included having land, and obtaining furs or whatever was the special export of the area. From this, it is inferable that the rich had businesses
Most Vikings were mainly in the middle class, and could gain fame and money to move on to the upper class. Through war and conquest the Vikings gained a lot of land and power. The Vikings were lead by a king and the king assigned a ruler to each Viking division.
While peasants worked the fields and the lords and ladies of the castle feasted, medieval merchants were sailing the seas around Europe and the Mediterranean. They traded in food, raw materials, and luxuries: wool from England, furs from Russia, wood from Scandinavia, salt and wine from France, horses from Spain, cloth and tapestries from Flanders, glass from Italy, and silks and spices from Asia. Trade made the merchants rich, and it also brought wealth to the rulers of the land in which the trading took place. Many of the rulers would demand a fee or a gift to them for allowing the foreigners to trade in their land, and they also taxed all traded goods. Numerous wars were fought over trade, because of the great profit it brought to the land.
Basil, by attacking the over powerful, gained power. This was accomplished because when Basil attacked the people in power he gain land and money, which he later gave to the small farmers of his empire. These farmers then proceeded to participate in his service by paying higher taxes, contributing to the wealth of his country, and by giving good word of him to other farmers and civilians around the Byzantine empire. When Basil gained the heavy amount of money the farmers had to offer, he then left a high treasury for the emperors to come. Basil the seconded was a very bold, stingy, and conservative emperor whose unbelievable qualities were highlighted by the powerful government he lead.
Whereas Roger Bigod was an Earl so he was very powerful and led one of the richest groups in the country. During wartime they supplied John with an army and in return they expected a say in how the country is run. However, if the King angers them the barons may refuse to obey him. This was a big problem for John! Barons have their own castles and armies so they are protected when the King decides to attack them.