One fluvial landform of erosion that is created along the river is river cliffs. River cliffs are created due to the fluvial erosion processes. This includes hydraulic action as it acts against the river banks creating a river cliff on the outside of the river bend. As the river is at its fastest on the outside of the bend, the force of the water erodes the banks of the river. Furthermore, river cliffs are also created due to the rock type.
The process of erosion that would be occurring would be hydraulic action, attrition and corrosion. As the river goes downstream the velocity increases. River velocity is determined by the efficiency of the river in overcoming friction with the bed and banks . The velocity of a river refers to the rate of water movement. The velocity is slowest in the upper course because energy is lost because of friction.
This is accomplished through lowering or setting back natural or constructed levees currently blocking the flow of water out of the main channel. Doing so increases the cross sectional area wetted perimeter of flow, thus reducing velocity and momentum (Rakovan and Renwick,
Similarly in Boscastle, farming in upper course had led to deforestation and removal of hedgerows decreasing the amount of interception from higher ground. Also most of the land and hills were made up of impermeable slate and clay soil which decreased the capacity of water that the ground is able to absorb. Additionally, in both these places, there were converging rivers. In Boscastle there were three; the Valency, Jordan and Paradise. Similarly in Thailand, large
Just like the characteristic of a rock, climate also plays a role in the rate in which a rock will break down. With that being said, rocks that are exposed to a wet/ moist climate are more susceptible to chemical weathering. Thus, the rocks in this type of climate will decompose at an accelerated rate. On the other hand, dry climates are more vulnerable to mechanical weathering, which has a slower weathering rate. All in all, areas with warm temperatures will have faster chemical reactions, so, weathering in the tropics is rapid.
The effects of this are more pronounced when the retreat takes place over a longer-term due to deglaciation, rather than just shirt-term seasonal changes. The retreat will result in the deposition of till by the glacier itself forming features such as moraines and drumlins and will also lead to fluvioglacial processes eroding the surrounding landscape and depositing debris. The importance of understanding these impacts is extremely relevant for modern times
However, weathering and erosion can happen simultaneously. Erosion is a natural process, though it is often increased by humans’ use of the land. Deforestation, overgrazing, construction, and road building often expose soil and sediments and lead to increased erosion. Excessive erosion leads to loss of soil, ecosystem damage, and a buildup of sediments in water sources. Building terraces and planting trees can help reduce erosion.
An example of hard engineering is river straightening, this works by creating a smoother channel for faster flow to get water out of an area as quickly as possible. An example of where this has happened is on the Mississippi and the river was shortened by 150 km, however this does create problems further downstream. There are a number of benefits to soft engineering firstly soft engineering tends to be a lot cheaper, it cost less money to maintain than hard engineering and hard engineering is expensive and disrupts natural processes. For example afforestration and planning are very quick methods compared to hard-engineering methods Soft engineering is also a more sustainable management strategy than hard engineering because it has a lower economic cost and environmental impact. It is designed to work with natural environments’ and creates wetlands which are important for natural habitat.
However, kames consist of gravel and sand deposited by streams that flowed into holes in the glacial ice, depositing sediment in the holes. When the ice later melted, the materials slumped down, often forming conical-shaped hills. Thus, kames are formed "from above," veblens "from below" (diagram "A" showing difference in the origin of these two kinds of features ).
This process was repeated, resulting in the deposition of several rock layers. At times, the interval between two consecutive depositions was so fast that the upper layer usually got eroded completely by natural forces before the second layer was deposited. At this point of time, the ancestral Colorado River came into existence about 70 million years ago. In those times, the journey of the river was