Skinner – Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Operant conditioning was coined by behaviorist Skinner, which is why you may occasionally hear it referred to as Skinnerian conditioning. As a behaviorist, Skinner believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behavior. Instead, he suggested, we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behavior.
Human behaviour is the result of experience. For example an individual who has been brought up in an environment in which people are caring this will have an effect on the person’s behaviour as they will learn to help others. However an individual who has been brought up in an environment in which people don’t care about others emotions, it will encourage the individual to treat others unfairly as they will think it’s ok because they have been brought up this way. Stretch, B and Whitehouse, M (2010) Classical conditioning Classical conditioning is a theory which was developed by Ivan Pavlov which was a Russian physiologist. Pavlov designed an investigation which was tested on dogs to investigate their digestive system.
How did group pressure and conformity influence the outcome of the experiment? [your answer here] Paragraph 3/ what happened? Diffusion of Responsibility can help explain why the participants did what they did because... iii. Diffusion of Responsibility: [“ This is where you will quote the textbooks definition of Diffusion of Responsibility” (Boss, 2010, pg XXXX)] (Chapter 4) iv. How diffusion of responsibility explains what happened: [this is where you will apply what you know about diffusion of responsibility to the experiment in your own words].
It is the work of the health practitioner to acquire knowledge on how to help a patient who gets control drugs from online pharmacies. This is because there is low screening, as well as, limited training in this field in which physicians are often unaware. A large study by Dana et al showed that up to 45 % of patients reported that their physicians were unaware of their online buying habits. I tend to agree that doctors’ need proper training is the best solution. Doctors should also avoid taking on too many shifts that hinder them from concentrating on their work.
It asked all the questions about what things influenced their decision such as age, income, employment status, and social conditions. One of the things that was alarming to me was the fact that these young women for the majority believed that breast feeding prevents pregnancy. This would lead me to believe that the results could be inadequate because of lack of education and understanding. How much do these girls really understand the benefits of breast feeding versus bottle feeding? I would like to have conducted a more in depth discussion with these girls about the benefits of breast feeding versus bottle feeding and educate them on the pros and cons and then do a study to see how many would breast or bottle feed.
MDMA should be reviewed and rescheduled due to the fact that the initial scheduling reports were flawed, there are vast medical uses for MDMA in treating patients who have shown no improvements with other psychological treatments, and there is a very low possibility of death amongst users of unadulterated MDMA. Why must we withhold a drug that can be so very useful for the treatment of extreme mental conditions and possibly cure thousands of Americans of their
Having Fun With Operational Definitions Adapted from teachpsychscience.org Directions: Identify and operationally define the independent and dependent variables in each of the following research ideas. Research Idea #1: A social psychologist was interested in whether people are more likely to exhibit conformity when they are in situations that make them feel nervous and unsure of themselves. What is the independent variable? How would you define it operationally? What is the dependent variable?
SY Affirmative Action in the United States is an issue that due to its lack of affect to the majority of the American citizens should be abolished. According to reports, “Only a small fraction of the public (16%) report [to] having been directly affected by affirmative action programs (Pew Research Center 2003). When created, the main goal for Affirmative Action was to eliminate the idea that certain groups of people were not underrepresented in the workplace. Whether it is race, gender or sexual orientation, these groups of people should be allowed to be considered for a specific position no matter the circumstances. However, with the requirements and restrictions that are currently enforced these people have a higher chance of achieving
Oakley found that up until the 1980s pregnancy and childbirth were seen as natural processes and consequently there was less intervention from doctors. However Oakley notes that since then doctors have increasingly medicalised childbirth and pregnancy and taken control from midwives. Doctors now treat pregnant women as ‘patients’ in need of medical treatment. The body as a social construct Feminists have long argued that in modern societies the patriarchal media has pressured women to possess a certain identity and to be thin which can endanger their health by causing diseases such as eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder. Mental health Chesler says labelling is done by a male dominated profession who are more susceptible to mental illnesses.
The subject followed the expected behaviour despite his reluctance to continue. This is also shown in a naturalistic study of nurses by Hofling et al. 1966. Nurses were ordered by an unknown doctor to administer a dangerous dose of a drug to patients. 21 out of 22 nurses complied without question.