2) Explain one problem with the concept of self-actualisation (2 Marks) Humanistic psychologists over empathise the person’s ability to change and develop, for example they ignore cultural constraints. It ignores any individual factors or problems the person may have. 3) What is meant by conditions of worth? Give an example of how a parent might set conditions of worth on his/her child (2 Marks) Rogers believed that to become a fully-functioning person, one needs to have experienced Unconditional Positive Regard and not have developed "Conditions of Worth." Roger believed that you developed conditions of worth (e.g.
The aim of either Humanistic or Existential approaches is to facilitate the development of a person’s self-awareness and self-understanding. Therefore the premise of this paper is to elicit the significant roles each psychology plays in contributing to understanding aspects of human nature and provide an overview and evaluation of the approaches by comparing and contrasting the observed similarities and differences within their assumptions. Humanistic and Existential Ideologies Due to certain aspects that differentiate these two psychologies it is acknowledged that how they interpret the understanding of human nature comes from two distinct perspectives and thus generally defines them as… ‘not interchangeable with one another…(as)
Rogers developed a Humanistic style approach to psychology as he grappled with his own beliefs of humanity, spirituality and psychological ideology. As his experience in working with individuals grew he disagreed with the psychoanalytical and behaviourist approaches to psychology due to his own humanistic view of life. Rogers believed that individuals are inherently good and have the ability to choose right and wrong (Corey, 2001, p. 170). Rogers’ experiences slowly moved him to develop his own theory of personality in line with his Humanistic thinking. Throughout this paper I will be discussing Roger’s person-centered approach to psychotherapy.
Behaviorism vs. Psycho-analysis Abstract The most common definition of psychology is the study of mental processes, human behavior, and how they affect an individual’s physical state, mental state, and external environment. The most comprehensive theory developed to explain the given definition of psychology is psychodynamics, a theory of how thoughts and feelings affect our actions. Watson’s failure to focus on the unseen phenomena that is the subconscious and the conscious is what leads to the inevitable fading of his theory among psychologists. This paper argues against Watson’s claims, and for the Psychodynamic theory. “Psychology as the behaviourist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science.
Adler theorized that personality was motivated by the influence of society and fighting for triumph. Adler theorized that individual personality grows based on outside factors such as defeat, indemnification, and exaggeration. He believed personality to be a existent with no conflicts from ego, whereas Freud believed the unconscious is based within an individual based on internal conflicts. Jung disagreed with Freud and as a resulted went his own way where he established analytical psychology. “He believed individuals were motivated by not only repressed experiences but also certain emotionally toned experiences inherited from our ancestors” (Feist & Feist, 2009, p. 98).
I will discuss this point and also the Core Conditions, underlying philosophical influences along with Rogers’s main theoretical constructs in this essay. Rogers was a humanistic therapist which differed greatly from other approaches at that time which were based on the psychodynamic ideas of Freud, Carl Yung, Alfred Adler and others. Person Centred Therapy is not active, challenging or involving role play such as Gestalt and REBT but is more passive and accompanies the client at the clients pace not the therapists. Person Centred Therapy aims to help the client to reach their potential by being non directive but through encouraging them to heal themselves by self-recognition and self-healing. Creating a safe and non-judgemental environment that allows the client to feel valued and free to be who they are at that moment in time.
Freud believed that past experience (from childhood) shapes adult personality and behaviour is influenced by unconscious mental processes. The therapist facilitates exploration of the past and via a number of skilled interventions and interpretations helps makes unconscious material conscious. The Humanistic school of thought whose major contributor was Carl Rogers (1902-1987), through the development of his ‘Client-Centered Therapy’, adopted a more positive view of human nature insisting that behaviour is a personal choice (free will) and driven by the “...actualizing tendency, that force which moves us in the direction of well-being and the fulfilment of our potential” (Tolan, 2010, p. 110). He believed that humans possess an innate capacity for growth, can take responsibility for their actions and demonstrated the importance of six therapeutic conditions which help to foster the client’s natural ability towards improvement. This approach places
Masserman at heart agrees with Freud’s argument that religion is an illusion humans hold onto, but he makes a key distinction in saying that this illusion is necessary for the well doing of human beings, “they are substitutive or compensatory beliefs, quite necessary to make human life at all livable” [Herberg 177]. Having set up Masserman’s ideas, Herberg is now able to explain with key distinction what the ideas of Masserman, which he calls the idea of ‘Natural Religion’, really are and why they are different then his ideas of true faith, of ‘Biblical Faith’. Herberg calls Masserman’s ideas one of ‘Natural Religion’. Herberg best explains this as “Sinful man…needs God and searches for him….but the God he finds is the God he constructs-if not with his hands than with his heart and mind- to suite his purposes” [Herberg 180,181]. Herberg
Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Matthew Tibbetts PSY/250 Anne Synder Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality "Personality refers to individuals' characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, together with the psychological mechanisms -- hidden or not -- behind those patterns. This definition means that among their colleagues in other subfields of psychology, those psychologists who study personality have a unique mandate: to explain whole persons." (Funder, D. C., 1997) Abraham Maslow, a humanistic psychologist believed that the people are not controlled by the mechanical forces which include the reinforcement and stimuli forces of behaviorism or some unconscious instinctual impulse of the psychoanalysis. He instilled his main focus on what people can really do opposed to their limitations. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has established a major precedence on which human interactions can follow so as to make sure that they achieve productive as well as agreeable outcome.
"To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment." ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson Any counselor will tell you the importance of your self-identity and the human psyche according to the notorious Sigmund Freud himself. All of those concepts however, are internal and focus on his perception of the systems of our brain and are in no way physical. So internally, we all have an identity but what about physically. What if you have nothing or no one to identify yourself with?