Aristotle argues that material is what an object consist of and this matter we could not live without. He feels that education is the key and having the experience is good for happiness. Aristotle states that it is important to consider our ethical first principle not merely as a conclusion drawn from certain premises, but also in its relation to the popular opinion (Aristotle, 701). He says how it is important to follow what we believe and because
You believe universal rules exist that apply equally to everyone and that the best results are achieved through consistent application of the universal rules. Your Classical Virtues: Justice You value social balance and believe this is achieved through loyalty and consistency in dealings among members of the community. In your mind, a predictable system that assures the well-being of all, especially those without power, is a just system. Your Key Phrase: “I am fair.” Because you value equality and rationality, you tend to assume that the universal application of a fair system is the best way to achieve an ethical result. Determining What Is Ethical: Being fair You define an ethical person as one who seeks justice and fundamental fairness in the community.
How did it get to this point? A background in elitism according to Abramowitz stems from the ideology of self reliance and personal freedom. The main idea is that the individual is responsible for themselves in order to achieve the greatness that they desire. The main issue is that those who achieve restrict those who are not at their level from being heard. The counter to elitism are the theories of egalitarianism and populism, which are doctrines in which they support the rights and powers of the common people in their ongoing struggle with the political elitism, they believe that all people are equal.
Aristotle draws a distinction between superior and subordinate aims, believing Eudaimonia' is the end goal or purpose behind everything we do as people, and is desired for its own sake and therefore a superior aim. Aristotle also developed the idea of moral and intellectual virtues. The moral values are; courage, temperance, big-heartedness, generosity, high-mindedness, right ambition, patience, truthfulness, wittiness, friendliness, modesty, righteous indignation. The intellectual virtues are; practical skill, knowledge, common sense, intuition, wisdom; resourcefulness, understanding, judgement, cleverness. Aristotle then chose the four cardinal values from these lists, which are; temperance, courage, wisdom and justice.
Every person in Athens was open/encouraged to pursue a balanced life style; a mixture of civic duties, the finest education, arts, and entertainment. To live in the “middle way” in a sense; no confidence is cowardly, over confidence is reckless, but to attempt to obtain a happy median in all aspects of everyday life or called “the Golden Mean”. In Athenian philosophy humans are the ultimate truth, a testament to what is, and what is not. A belief that humans are supreme and to measure an individual by their accomplishments. This belief or Hellenism ushered forth equal rights, prosperity, democracy, and a high standard for education.
The overall direction of each of these philosophers, however, was quite similar, and all three are generally referred to as "Socratic". Aristotle's ethics is built around the premise that people should achieve an excellent character as a pre-condition for attaining happiness or well-being. It is sometimes referred to in comparison to later ethical theories as a "character based ethics". Like Plato and Socrates, he emphasized the importance of reason for human happiness, and that there were logical and natural reasons for humans to behave virtuously, and try to become virtuous. Aristotle focuses on courage and temperance as the two typical moral virtues which can be described as a mean, then discusses a whole range of minor virtues and vices which can be described as a mean, and only then discusses justice and the intellectual virtues.
Frank Tyger said “Doing what you like is freedom. Liking what you do is happiness”. From the analysis and explanations above, we have seen these rights are very important to people in Thomas Jefferson age’s and to people in our modern society. It help to all over the world struggle for independence and tear down feudal and colonial exploitation, racism, class as well as these three rights allowed people to live equally, happily. In
The Necessity of Government The purpose of a government is to protect individual rights of a citizen, to enforce the law for the safety of a country, and to support the general welfare. Thomas Jefferson, a well-respected government philosopher, stated “The purpose of government is to enable the people of a nation to live in safety and happiness. Government exists for the interests of the governed, not for the governors.”(Good Reads. Otis Chandler, n.d. Web.
In yielding the name “justice as fairness”, Rawls proposes the concept of “the original position” as the appropriate initial status quo which ensures that fundamental agreements reached in it are fair. This essay aims at examining Rawls’ original position as the central feature of his theory of justice. In examining this concept, the essay will expose the theory, assess how the original position supports justice as fairness, and analyze some criticisms leveled against the concept. The original position is the central feature of Rawls’ theory of justice as fairness. In the theory, the original position of equality corresponds to the state of nature in the traditional theory of the social contract (Feinberg 2005: 600).
One idea of Enlightenment thinkers was that human beings are inherently good and rational (Stearns 320). They believed that “political life could be reformed through rational calculations and the belief in the essential goodness of human nature” (Stearns 320). The rights in the Declaration were to be held universal and valid in all times and places. It gave the people popular sovereignty and equal opportunity in stark contrast to the divine “right of kings” that gave these rights only to the monarchy. As Article 6 says, “All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.” This Article gives rights to the common man and eliminates the “special rights” of the nobility and the clergy.