Weighing scale * The clamp should be placed tightly on to the desk. * The Pole should be placed in one of the hole in the C-clamp * The right angled clamp should put on top of the pole * The spring screwed on to one of the jutting screws. * Tape the ruler to the pole as accurate as possible under the unextend spring. Lab set up Method: 1. Weigh each mass on a weighing scale and record on data table with uncertainty.
Determination of “g” by the use of a Pendulum This experiment is going to utilize a bob on the end of a string line to determine the value of little “g” by measuring the length of the string and the duration of time it takes for the bob to swing from one fulcrum point back to the same point after swinging 10 times. The justification for the bob swinging 10 times is to generate a more accurate measurement of time. To start the supplies that are required for this experiment are a stable stand for the string to be secured to. A minimum of a two yard line of string to that can be secured to the anchor and a bob and obviously a bob to be attached to the end of the string. We also need a stopwatch to measure the time duration and a measuring tool to determine the length of each experiment.
Howard University Washington, D.C. Department of Mechanical Engineering “Strain Hardening “ Lab 2 By Theron Lewis For Professor H.A. Whitworth October 3rd, 2011 Table of Contents ABSTRACT Work hardening (or strain hardening) is the strengthening of a metal by plastic deformation. This phenomenon occurs because of the altering of the material’s crystal structure through dislocation movements. Work hardening is used extensively in metalworking, where one intentionally induces plastic deformation to increase strength and change its shape. These processes are also known as cold working.
Newton’s Second Law Lab Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationships between mass, force and acceleration as well as to prove Newton’s second law Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that there would be an inverse relationship between acceleration and mass; as the value of the mass increased the acceleration decreased. As well it is hypothesized that there would be a direct relationship between the net force and acceleration; as the net force increases the acceleration increases as well. Materials & Method: The materials that were required to do the experiment were a metre stick; its purpose was to measure the amount of string that is going to be used to drag the cart. Next equipment needed for the lab was a dynamic cart; it was going to be dragged by the string with a mass on the other end and will find relationships between these two. Also string (about 75cm) was needed in this experiment which would help pull the cart with the help of the masses that were used.
2. On one end, attach the “weight bucket” 3. Tape the other end to the top of your table so that it is 65cm of string from the table to the part attached to the top of the “weight bucket”. (See the image on front for the set-up) 4. Place a 10g weight in the “weight bucket”.
In order to complete the first lab we had to level the table and connect the rings to the pulleys. Next, we determined the spring scale and verified the weights.
Vibrations Lab Experiment This experiment was to record the damping effect of air and oil on a spring with a given mass connected to it, the results are recorded on a computer that takes each peak to peak and how long it takes for the dampers to decay its oscillation motion. Apparatus Universal Vibration Apparatus (tecquipment Ltd, Nottingham, UK) Vibration system including rectangular beam and helical spring Motor with eccentric weights to force vibration PC with data acquisition system Group members: Daniel Hutchings, Joel Harman, Michael Greenway and Jamie Jones. Given: * Mass of system (m) = 3.5kg * Mass of weight (w) = 7.5kg * Length L0 = 0.160m * Length L1 = 0.376m * Length L2 = 0.658m * Length L3 = 0.769m Distance between pivot and LVDT = 66mm Calibration of LDVT: 1.25mm = 1V At the position of the spring: (658/66) x 1.25 = 12.5mm/V Identifying the stiffness of the spring used in the experiment/damping properties: Mass of weight (w) in newtons = 7.5 x 9.81 = 73.6N Stiffness: K = L3L2x(w∆x) = 0.7690.658x73.621.13X10-3 = 4070NM-1 Natural angular Velocity: Ѡn = 40703.5 = 34.1s-1 Natural frequency: Fn= 34.1πx2 = 5.4 Hz The inverse of 5.4 Hz will give cycle per second (Tn =1Fn=15.4): 5.4-1=0.18s-1 Air Mean Displacement: 0.15276 mm Measured Cycles: 30 First peak (times t): (0.106sec, 21.80mm) Second peak (time t+30T): (4.900sec, 14.61mm) Oil Air Mean Displacement: 0.01493 mm Measured Cycles: 30 First peak (times t): (0.196sec, 20.64mm) Second peak (time t+30T): (5.162sec, 2.75mm) T = t1-t2N = 0.106-4.90030 = 0.1598 secs | N | X(x(t)) |
Oscillations of a Mass - Spring System Determination of “K” by the use of a Spring Oscillations System Experiment #3 for AMS320 involves a spring oscillating system to determine the value of “K”, the force value of an oscillating spring system. The spring is secured to a solid point and allowed to hang vertically below the solid stand. On the bottom of the spring is attached a steel ring with in which to attach a known amount of weight in (kg). The weights are added to the ring and the spring is pulled into a small amount of tension and released. The spring will then oscillate up and down and a stopwatch will be used to measure the amount of time it takes the weight and spring system to stretch and recoil ten times.
Apparatus: - A4 paper - Scissors - Meter tape - Chronometer - Scotch tape Variables: Dependent variables: - Height from which the cone id released - Independent variables: - Time taken by the cone to fall - Constant variables: - Weight of the cone - Area of the cone - Wind in the room Method Step 1: take out the A4 paper, scissors and scotch tape. Step 2: make a cone shape, put a little piece of scotch tape to keep the shape together Step 3: decide on 6 basic heights to measure (reasonably tall and far apart 0.8 → 3) Step 4: Put the meter rule against the wall and label the 6 heights you decided on the wall so that you don’t have to measure the height each time Step 5: drop the cone from each of the heights (2 times each preferably, to avoid large errors), remembering that the tip of the cone has to be on the line. While the cone is first released start the chronometer and as it hits the ground stop it. Step 6: write down each of the readings taken, clearly on a table Step 7: average out the two readings taken from each height and label them on a graph. Step 8: find the gradient to find the average velocity Step 9: you can also calculate the average velocity at each height, by finding the average of all the velocities the total average velocity can be measured with formulae velocity=distance/time, and therefore compared to the gradient
Clay 8. Plastic Bag Methods: 1. Make a Parachute using a pair of scissors and rulers by cutting out a 30x30cm plastic bag and sticking it with four different lines in order to connect the body later on. 2. Measure 8 different clays with different mass, 10g, 15g, 20g, 25g, 30g, 35g, 40g, 45g 3.