On the 6 July 1914 Germany had given Austria a “blank check”, which stated the support of Germany towards Austria. The “blank check” enraged the UK, which sent a telegram to Germany declaring that the UK would support France. The “blank check” was no accident, therefore, the tensions and ally system of WWI began before the war, meaning that war was yet to come. Although, Austria was crippled from past events solely wanted to destroy Serbia. Massie states that Austria believes it’s fractured and disintegrated state will be cured by annihilating the source of all of its problems, Serbia.
Source B comes from a labour party MP, Ramsay MacDonald who does support a revolution but he does not believe being violent by “breaking windows” is the way to do this. He describes them as being seen as “childish”, “silly and provocative”. Militancy gives the government an excuse not to support them, why would they give in to violence? Source C agrees that the militancy was important because “increasingly militant tactics” resulted in the Liberals “hardening its resistance” as can be seen by the ‘Cat and Mouse Act’ of 1913. This was where suffragette’s who had been arrested for violence would be allowed to go on a hunger strike letting them get weaker and weaker.
n 1919, Anton Drexler, Gottfried Feder and Dietrich Eckart formed the German Worker's Party (GPW) in Munich. The German Army was worried that it was a left-wing revolutionary group and sent Adolf Hitler, one of its education officers, to spy on the organization. Hitler discovered that the party's political ideas were similar to his own. He approved of Drexler's German nationalism and anti-Semitism but was unimpressed with the way the party was organized. Although there as a spy, Hitler could not restrain himself when a member made a point he disagreed with, and he stood up and made a passionate speech on the subject.
The peace of the mighty proved that to be wrong. The German Army in the field, although battered was still formidable in the eyes of the German leadership. They had gone to the peace table hoping for scraps and got the business end of the newspaper. The German Peace Delegation was forced to assume blame for the war, and then sit helplessly by as territories it felt were largely inhabited with Germans were made part of other states. The Germans had come to the table hoping to hear Wilson saying, “the equality of nations upon which peace much be founded on if it is to last must be an equality of rights..” (German Peace Delegation, p. 76) Instead they were hit with several Billion reichmarks in reparations, a reduced military and many other limitations politically, economically, militarily and territory wise (The Versailles Treaty, 1918).
This could have acted as a powerbase for the Kapp Putsch and the eventual rise of the Nazis. The humiliation was also a main factor in weakening prospects for democracy for two reasons it led to stab in the back myth and a national inferiority complex. The stab in the back myth was perpetuated by the far right and the leading army generals. The stab in the back myth was that Germany was not losing ww1 and that the democratic politicians “stabbed Germany in the back” by surrendering to the entente. This allowed the far right to exploit the Germans hate of the treaty of Versailles and connect the treaty to democracy, so the people wouldn’t blame the loss of ww1 on the army but the democratic politician’s.
The passengers on the ship knew there may be a possible attack on the ship but Woodrow Wilson condemned this attack as illegal and inhuman. After the ship sank, it sparked some outrage against the Germans causing hostile feelings on the country. (Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom, & Armitage, 2000) A coded message was created and sent by the German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman. This coded message would later on be called the Zimmerman telegraph and would be part of the reason that the United States was drawn into World War I. Zimmerman wanted to create an undercover alliance between Germany and Mexico. This secret
This revolutionary idea, derived from Dadaists who believed that overly rational ideals and bourgeois values were at fault for initiating World War I. People used art as a way to protest their emotions, which eventually led into the surrealist movement. Surrealists wanted people to liberate their imagination and to no longer be forced to think in a contained and rational way. The alluring aspect and historical background that formulates surrealism, offers true potential in creating an enjoyable, inspiring, and educational exhibit for the Art Institute of Chicago. The objective of the exhibit, “Exploring Surrealism Through the Years”, is to be enjoyable and stimulating to the viewers, to be educational about the history of Surrealism and how it benefits our lives, and to create awareness about how powerful, creative, and how influential each of our imaginations can be.
This was the worst of the League’s actions in the 1920s. Since this was one of the first of its challenges, maybe after this, matters were taken more seriously, which could be why they failed as badly as they did for the Vilna case. The only other notable event where the League’s members undermined the League of Nations was the Geneva Protocol in 1924. It was created by Britain and France to ensure that if two members were in dispute the Council would sort out the disagreement and the members had to accept the decision. This was meant to strengthen the League but in Britain, re-elections took place and the new government refused to sign the Protocol.
Alder refuted Freud’s ideals of separation of Id (represents the human’s basic drives), Ego (represents the pleasure-seeking desires put upon by society), and Superego (represents cultural values and norms within the individual) (Macionis, 2007). Aldler broke away from Freud because he did not believe of the three separation of Freud’s Id, Ego. and Supersgo. Adler believed in the individual, hence his theory of :individual psychology.” The individual is most concerned with control of their entire life not just a portion (Goodwin, 2008). Alder and Jung both desented from Freud in 1913 and in turn Freud cancelled their affliation to the inner circle (Goodwin, 2008).
The Dada artists proclaimed the uselessness of social action and thus broke with the Futurists, and this reflected the feelings associated with the war, viewed as a monstrous charade (Hunter and Jacobus 167). Luigi Pirandello and Elizabeth LeCompte show aspects of both surrealist theory and Dadaism in their works, primarily in their emphasis on "objective chance" and in their reliance on the fantastic. Pirandello had developed a theory of the theater by the middle of his career by which he saw theater as a "second-rate art form, only the imitation of an original work of art that loses its essential character, its substance, through being transposed onto the stage" (Matthaei 19). He managed to overcome this view with a series of grotesque plays and with a new emphasis on a new kind