An example of replication is law enforcement replicating a crime to see how the crime was committed. Verification is confirming or validating something. A lie detector test verifies whether someone is telling the truth or not. Theory is in criminal justice represents an attempt to develop plausible explanations of reality, which in this case are crime and the criminal justice system. In addition to one of the most intriguing aspects is the Hypothesis of the Criminal Justice system when referring to a crime being committed.
Along with a brief description of the criminological theories, an attempt to show how they differ from one another and discussion of one strength and one weakness unique to each theory will be made. Finally, I will provide my opinion as to which of the two philosophies (classical or positivist) explains criminal behavior in a much more complete manner and why. The first of the criminological theories is called Social Control Theory. What makes a person not a criminal? This is the main question asked in control theories.
Abstract This paper will explore and discuss the difference in opinion regarding crime and who should be held accountable for criminal activity. The views of social responsibility and social problems will be examined, along with the perspectives that each holds to justify their belief. Theories such as Determinate Sentencing that holds the value of social responsibility in response to crime, and also the Constructionist theory that places that blame on society as to why a person commits a crime. In the end I believe that Social/Individual responsibility is the most appropriate way to approach crime. Perspectives of Social Problems and Social Responsibility Within criminology there has been multiple theories suggested to explain the numerous motives behind why crime exists in our world.
1. The role of criminological research in theory building is that the construction of theories allows for a better understanding of criminal behavior and helps develop strategies to address the problem of crime. 2. Theories can help us understand criminal behavior or design strategies because theories help us to understand patters and predict or understand a person’s behavior. 3.
The first explorations of deviance and crime was done by Durkheim who identified two different sides of crime for the functioning of society: positive and negative. According to Durkheim, crime was necessary for society. He argued that the basis of society was a set of shared values that guide our actions, which he named the collective conscience. The collective conscience provides boundarie which distinguishes between actions that are acceptable and those that are not. The problem for any society is that these boundaries are unclear and change over time.
Hence, there are many differences between these two models with regard to their aims and their operation and have been the subject of debate for a long time among scholars and students of jurisprudence. The two models of criminal process were first identified by Herbert L. Packer, an American professor of law. In order to understand how they operate in the administration of criminal justice, we need to examine the values underlying the two models as defined by him. The crime control model basically proposes that curbing of criminal conduct should be the ultimate objective of the criminal process. If crime goes unchecked, it will eventually lead to the breakdown of public order, and therefore, will undermine human freedom.
Two Models of the Criminal Process The two models of the criminal process; due process and crime control serve as the foundation of order and liberty as it relates to the practice of criminal justice and criminal law. These models struggle against each other to represent their own value system as it applies to ideologies in criminal justice procedures. Although there seems to be a difference between these two principles of criminal law, each one has positive qualities. The due process and crime control models contain prepared subject matter of values primary to the constitutional order of how criminal law is practiced (Packer, 1968). “The machinery of criminal justice—police, prosecution, courts, and corrections—is the formal means by which order is maintained in our society” (Zalman, 2008, p. 4).
The analysis of the crime scene indicates towards what kind of perpetrator they’d be dealing with, so the classification system can be used to determine the characteristics they might have. This is known as crime scene analysis. The top-down approach is based on the type of crime so the crime reconstruction and profile generation are from the crime scene classification. The stages in US profiling include; data assimilation, crime classification, crime reconstruction and then the profile generation. Although this type of profiling might be useful to some crimes, it is limited to crimes that leave significant evidence e.g.
However, choice theories of crime resonate with a conservative person’s sense of right and wrong, common sense, and ability to understand crime causation so that it is not viewed as irrelevant, impractical, academic drivel. Choice theories also satisfy a person’s emotional need for revenge. Therefore, choice theories have had a strong political and legislative impact on the criminal justice system. This paper will identify and describe choice theories, how they relate to crime, and how they relate to society’s response to crime. It also contains a real-life example illustrating how four people from the same family chose very different paths in life: a life of crime and homicide and a life of education and career success.
Pioneered by Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck, the developmental theory of crime, integrates sociological, psychological, and economic elements into more multifarious developmental views of crime causality. In an effort to produce a more holistic view of a criminal career, which incorporates its inception, prolongation, and dissolution, social scientist have established developmental theories. When applied specifically to intimate partner violence these theories can provide insight into the behavioral patterns of abusers. Intimate partner violence (IPV), according to the CDC, is “a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner.” This abuse can be physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological actions or threats that influence the behavior of another person. Intimate partner violence is a serious problem particularly in the United States because on average, 24 people per minute are victims of rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in the United States, which sums up to more than 12 million women and men over the course of a year.