The authors feel the real reason for the differences in the disease susceptibility are social and class based. The three different models are the genetic model, the environmental model and The Marxist paradigm. Heart disease, stroke, and cancer are the racial health disparities the author mention that affects the African American culture. The genetic model implies the theory that "race" is primarily a biological category and that black-white differences in health are genetically determined (Kieger and Bassett 74). The genetic model relies on three basic assumptions which are age, sex, and race in determining racial health disparities among black and white.
QUESTION: What does C. Wright Mills mean when he describes sociology as “the intersection of biography and history”? What is the relationship between personal life and larger social structures? Are personal lives determined by social structures? This paper explores the very intelligent critical thought describing sociology through writing. These actions and words are expounded on C. Wright Mills thoughts.
Five factor trait theory, and 3. Temperament model of personality can be adapted to account for variations in the personal, societal, and cultural factors discussed in this paper. How does the gene-environment interaction influence personality? A person’s genetic make-up in combination with a person’s environment form an individuals personality by interacting with each other. Abnormal or radical behavior could therefore “be explained by hereditary factors in combination with poor environmental conditions” (Oreland, Leppert, Hallman, Lindström, Nilsson, K., Sjöberg, R., …Öhrvik, J., 2006).
A study into the attendance at antenatal clinics of various social classes found a link between social inequality and attendance; the women from poorer classes were found to have fewer visits (Rowe & Garcia, 2003). The Black Report concluded that the health inequalities of Britain were most definitely due to the lack of equality in the distribution of wealth, power and status. The report was not accepted by the Conservative government of the time, regarding it as old fashioned and
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS Social construction refers to how health varies from one society to another. Our gender, class, ethnicity, religion and even education construct society, these all determine our experience of reality. Health, illness and disability can all be seen as socially constructed or defined. Some argue that friends or relatives can often influence a person’s view on a ‘symptom’ worthy of the doctor’s attention. Irving Kenneth Zola argued that patients’ reasons for seeking medical help are affected by cultural background.
Disparities in health care is an unequal burden in illness and its rate of mortality experienced by minority group when compared with the dominant group (Baldwin, D. 2003). There are causes of health disparities which includes poor education, inadequate financial resources, and minority health behavior and environmental factors. The most common health disparities that have been reported are CVD, DM and Cancers. Research indicated that the minority rates of CVD are common in African American and breast cancer is high in Africa American women than in white population. HIV/AIDS is more than seven times higher in African American than White.
Such disparities however can also extend beyond race to include areas such as access to healthcare, socio economic status, gender, and biological or behavioral factors. Why its important to health care professionals Even thou somewhat in civil rights race remains a significant factor in determining whether an individual receives care, whether an individual receives high quality care, and in determining health outcomes. The Institute of Medicine landmark say Unequal Treatment provides compelling evidence that racial disparities persist in medical
Qualitative research uses the information found in order to provide an understanding to the human experience and behavior ("Encyclopedia.com", 2013). Quantitative and qualitative research differs from one another in terms of what data or information that they yield and display, as well as how that information is interpreted. For example quantitative research will portrait the percentage or statistics of a matter and qualitative research will look into and portrait the life pattern or the behavior of individuals to get them into those statistics. Both can relate to the human service field as well as the scientific method, which does get used within the human service profession. Both quantitative and qualitative can be incorporated into the scientific method.
Germov (p. 12) makes mention of the model’s “reductionism”, which operates by reducing its focus to the biological, cellular, and genetic levels, and Doyal (p. 245) also draws attention to the limited “conceptual schema” that doctors and some other health care providers use to understand “complex human phenomena”, her implication being that human health has a significant non-physical dimension. The recognition that social factors can physically affect and otherwise serve to shape and inform notions of health and illness has over time given rise to an explicitly social model of health. Engels (in Germov, p. 8) posited a causal link between poor working conditions in mines and the “black lung” disease in the nineteenth-century, and McKeown (in Germov, pp. 13-14) and Marmot (2005, p. 1101) have more recently argued that even ostensibly individual causal health factors to large extent have a social basis. Turner (p. 235) writes that the basic position in the present sociological approach to illness is to see it as fundamentally a social state of affairs, which amounts to not narrowly defining it as a biological and individual phenomenon, and Germov (p. 4) importantly adds that the social model of health does not
This is meant that certain scientist classified people by skin color or geographical origin. For example, the Europeans were white-skinned because they are gentle character and intensive mind or the Africanus were black-skinned because they had relaxed and negligent character. This showed that scientist even gave a scientific theory to racism. Prior, historical use of “race” have affected people today by having older generations teaching newer generations about other races whether it is good or bad. For instance, black people are known to be bad, have no education and possibly steal from or hurt other people.