Comparison and contrast essay: William Sheldon’s Type and Personality Assessment and Myers-Briggs Typology Index. Have you ever asked yourself why people act in one way and others in different ways? As we already know, people have different physical and psychological aspects and these traits influences their way of life. These aspects have been studied and classified by some scientists and we are going to focus on and compare two theories: William Sheldon’s and Myers-Briggs. The first theory, William Sheldon’s, who is an American psychologist, proposes that body types are related to personality characteristics.
According to Cherry (2013) “Informal assessments personality tend to focus more on individuals, personality psychologists instead use conceptions of personality that can apply to everyone.” Therefore research has been done to explain the how and why certain personality traits develop, (Cherry, 2013). Personality as most people think should endure throughout a person’s life; however sometimes in situation circumstances the personality can change over time. Define personality There is not one defining meaning to personality and psychologist differs among one another about the meaning of what is personality, (Feist &
You can learn about the answers to these questions and more in this overview of personality. Theories of Personality: A number of different theories have emerged to explain different aspects of personality. Some theories focus on explaining how personality develops while others are concerned with individual differences in personality. The following are just a few of the major theories of personality proposed by different psychologists: Trait Theories * Gordon Allport's dispositional perspective * Hans Eysenck's three-trait model * Myers-Briggs Types * "Big Five" Personality Dimensions Psychoanalytic Theories: * Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development Freud's theory of psychosexual development is on of the best known personality theories, but also one of the most controversial. Learn more about the psychosexual stages of development.
Transactional Analysis (TA) a theory developed by Eric Berne describing how and why people behave and interact. Berne used language more easily understood by practitioners and clients to explain his theory of personality using ego states, transactions, life scripts and psychological games. Berne describes each person as comprising of an amalgamation of three ego states of Parent, Adult and Child. Berne describes ego states “phenomenologically as a coherent system of feelings, and operationally as a set of coherent behaviour patterns; or pragmatically, as a system of feelings which motivates a related set of behaviour patterns.” (1961, p17) Transactions are the theory of communication between people, or even internal dialogue with oneself. Understanding transactions and improving communication is therapeutically beneficial.
Abraham H. Maslow was one of the 20th century’s foremost American humanistic psychologists. Humanistic psychologists emphasize human potential and the importance of love, belonging, self-esteem and self-expression, peak experiences, and self-actualization (Morris & Maisto, 2010). Maslow organized these categories to help form a hierarchy of human motivational needs. They are based on a series of needs, including physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs. He placed these needs into the shape of a pyramid, in which the bottom layer consists of our lower motivational needs such as physiological needs, leading up to the top layer consisting of the higher motivational needs such as self-actualization.
Journal 1: Personality Theory A personality theory is a theory is an attempt to describe and explain how people are similar, how they are different, and why every individual is unique. (p.445) There are many personality theories but for the most part they are grouped into four basic perspectives: The Psychoanalytic Perspective: Freud’s theory of personality, which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development. (p.445) Humanistic Perspective: theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self-actualization, the self-concept, and healthy personality development. (p.459) Social Cognitive Perspective: Albert Bandura’s theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism. (p.463) Trait Personality: trait theories of personality focus on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions.
Defining Social Psychology Brandi K. Keller PSY/400 March 20, 2013 Dr. Timothy Doty Defining Social Psychology Throughout the years each field of science and each discipline relating to psychology has had to fight to prove its point and its relevance to the field; therefore, making each field of psychology worthy of its place within the science and academic communities. One of the many behaviors observed during this trial has been the way people think, influence, and relate to others otherwise known as social psychology. Friends, family, and collogues influence each other, which can be either a positive or a negative influence. How each person thinks and relates to these influences is what determines if the influence will be a positive
What are some psychological perspectives that explain human behavior? Some psychological perspectives that researchers have found are behavioral perspective, humanistic perspective, psychodynamic perspective, cognitive perspective and neuroscience perspective. Behavioral psychology is a perspective that focuses on learned behaviors. Behaviorism differed from many other perspectives because instead of emphasizing internal state, it focused solely on observable behaviors. Humanistic perspective suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow and develop, and to control their lives and behavior.
The Meyers Briggs personality type indicator test is used to identify a person’s personality type. My personality type is ISFJ; this abbreviation stands for Introversion, Sensing, Feeling and Judging. With this report I would like to inform you more of how my personality type relates to the test findings, how my prior and current position fits well with my personality type, my preferred method of learning-compatible with the test’s findings, and some of the exciting findings that can help me become a better me. An ISFJ person is considered to be nurturers, quiet, friendly, responsible and loyal. They remember specifics about people who are important to them.
My Personality Type Assessment CMGT/530 IT Organizational Behavior University of Phoenix My Personality Type Assessment To assess my personality type, I chose the personality type assessment located at www.humanmetrics.com. Carl G. Jung theorized that human consciousness is characterized by the individual’s preference to general attitude; extraversion vs. introversion and the mental functions; sensing vs. intuition and thinking vs. feeling (Personality Types Explained, 2007-2013). In addition to Jung’s three dichotomies, “one more preference enters into the identification of type—the choice between the perceptive attitude and the judging attitude” (Meyers & Meyers, 1995, "Chapter 1 - An Orderly Reason for Personality Differences"). The personality type assessment at the “Human Metrics” website is composed of 72 questions with “yes” or “no” answers. The answers are weighted with a percentage of preference to a characteristic in each of the four pairs of dichotomies and assigned a letter that corresponds; Extraverted = E, Introverted = I, Sensing = S, Intuition = N, Thinking = T, Feeling = F, Judging = J, and Perceiving = P. The result is one of 16 possible four letter acronyms representing the individual’s personality type.