Critical Commentary: ‘The More Things Change, The

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Critical Commentary: ‘The more things change, the more they stay the same’: assessing Black underachievement 35 years on, Heidi Safia Mirza Searching for a proponent of the ‘scandal’ of black underachievement since it was first illuminated by Bernard Coard’s report, Mirza focuses her argument on the ‘racialisation of education’ (pp. 7) and the ways this has failed three generations of young black people. Macpherson, in his seminal inquiry of the Stephen Lawrence murder, defines racism as ‘conduct or words which advantage or disadvantage people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin’; Mirza identifies its various manifestations, both subtle and blatant, and analyzes their contributions toward the propagation of the scandal. Associations and Expectations One of the subtle manifestations of racism Mirza reports on is the ‘epidemic’ of the failure to recognise the consequences of stereotyping (pp.3). She refers to the ‘Myth of the Afro-Caribbean Macho’ – the fallacious symbol of the aggressively virile black youth – and describes how it ‘seeps into the classroom and the consciousness of teachers’ (pp.3). Upon recognising a black face among his students the teacher unconsciously and irreparably begins filing associations: urbanity, deprivation, violence, criminality. Whether the teacher personally feels these associations are accurate is irrelevant – they are labels drawn from a society’s collected consciousness, and the difficulty in disassociating them from a black student is the cause of what Mirza identifies as a main culprit in black underachievement: low teacher expectation. She describes the ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ of ‘low expectations followed by low pupil outcomes’ (pp.4), and the resulting crisis of ‘negative self-esteem’ that adds momentum to the cycle (pp.2). Lamenting its absence, Mirza mentions ‘integral anti-racist training’ as a
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