Describe criminal prosecution and civil remedies for constitutional rights violations. ● Police can be held criminally liable, as well. For instance, both state and federal law enforcement officers can be held criminally liable for violating certain federal laws. Officers are also bound by the criminal law at the state level. They may, of course, be permitted to engage in certain authorized conduct that would be a crime if committed by regular citizens (such as the use of deadly force in appropriate circumstances).
Both the person accused of the crime and the accuser would give speeches based on their sides of the story. The individual with the best argument and delivery would determine the outcome of the case. This origin is the source of the two modern usages of the word forensic – as a form of legal evidence and as a category of public presentation. In modern use, the term "forensics" in the place of "forensic science" can be considered correct as the term "forensic" is effectively a synonym for "legal" or "related to courts". However the term is now so closely associated with the scientific field that many dictionaries include the meaning that equates the word "forensics" with "forensic science".
Criminal Wrong Doings Jennifer Hyler CRJ 201 Ginger Jarvis July 24, 2011 Criminal Wrong Doings The criminal laws control criminal acts and channel human behaviors. Criminal laws also orchestrate punishments and sentences to the ones who commit wrong doings crimes towards someone’s person or personal property. A criminal law assumes that wrong doings not only damage the surrounding people, but society as well. All violators that commit a crime such as murder or rape must be punished. Criminal laws also have two written laws that are split up into two different categories.
Court System in the United States Survey of Justice and Security AJS/502 Survey of Justice and Security Ariel Clavijo University of Phoenix Court System in the United States There are two types of courts function in the American Criminal Justice System: * State Courts * Federal courts. this two types of court system result from the agreement among the nation’s founders and, judicial autonomy. The United States developed a federation of semi-independent states. State court system is divided in many local and specialized courts: * Traffic courts * Magistrate’s courts * Municipal courts * Recorder’s courts * Probate courts * Courts’ held by justice of the peace. At the early of the twentieth century, both the American Bar Association and the American Judicature Society tried to simplify the state courts structures.
How can he help it?” Judges in the UK do develop the law through both the operation of the doctrine of judicial precedent and statutory interpretation. In precedent, judges were thought to not make new law. However, it is now recognised that they do use precedent to create new law or extent old principles in various areas. In criminal law, judges have played a major role in developing the law on intention (Vickers 1957 – intention for murder includes intention to cause GBH, later was confirmed in Cunningham 1982; or Moloney 1985, Nedrick 1986 and Woolin 1998 and the law on foresight of consequences in relation with intention). Judicial decisions have also effectively created new crime as in Shaw v. DPP (1962) – offence of conspiracy to corrupt public morals, or R v. R (1991) – rape within marriage is a crime.
Question 1 Identify by means of a diagram the principal criminal courts in England and Wales. FIG 1 In reference to fig 1 the principal criminal courts in England and Wales, there are three main courts which are magistrates, crown and court of appeal. These courts deal with offenders on behalf of the state and the public and are there to maintain law and order and protect the society. The magistrates’ court deals with less serious or summary offences which may include, council tax, motoring offences, assaults and threatening behaviour. They also deal with both way offences which can be tried in both magistrates and or crown court.
(Bader et al) The main difference between crime and deviance is deviant behaviour is when a social norm has been broken whereas a crime is where a formal and social norm is broken. Meaning crime can also be deviant behaviour but deviance cannot be construed as crime. (Jones pg 32) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRIME AND DEVIANCE Crime and deviance is believed to overlap in behaviours that are
This tells us that civil law is for individual interest while criminal law is for public interest. It is not only the name that differs from the two categories of civil law and criminal law, the way of reaching a clear cut judgment is also relevant. In presenting evidence to indicate the defendant to be guilty has to be “clear and convincing evidence” and in criminal cases the substantial amount of evidence according to the same source has to be “Beyond a reasonable doubt” in order to prove the defendant to be guilty. Civil cases brought to court under this category are usually associated with personal disputes that can be sorted out with payments. Cases that are usually brought to court for civil law related matters are like copyright infringements, debt, evictions, partnership and inheritance disputes (under £30,00 dealt with at county court, any amount over £50,000 is sent straight to High Court) and other common complaints.
Describing crime and deviance is varied across different cultures; history; social situations and place. It will look at the bodies that measure crime and look at the reasons why they are not accurate. There are several differences between crime and deviance, deviance is a violation of the social norms whereas crime is a violation of the laws of the land. Society has no power for deviance but the government can punish with crime. Much behaviour that was seen as deviant in the past has today become a criminal offence, as with crime behaviour seen as criminal is now seen as deviant.
Yet it brings about so many different meanings. .The system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties. What is criminality? Criminality is basically said to be the state as that of a criminal, there are many curiosities of a criminal which is why there are many studies of a criminals behaviour, and what drives an individual to make choices that lead up to the meaningless evidential life of a criminal. Law and criminality is the study of ones behaviour and justifying that by the certain laws of the specific countries