Government agencies use these reports to document crime and do further research on crime in the nation. After a few years of reporting with the first program created, the UCR or Uniform Crime Reporting Program, another program had evolved from that having the FBI designated to coordinate the latest program, NIBRS or the Nation Incident Based Reporting System. With the UCR you could not differentiate between misdemeanor and felony crimes, so the NIBRS was created to gather more in depth and detailed crime data. The NIBRS collects detailed data on every single crime occurrence. Along with those programs came the NCVS or National Crime Victimization Survey, this survey is a self-reporting survey which victims report their own incidents.
Information on the UCR and NCIC Tabitha Ellsworth Policing in America Individual work week 2 In this paper I will be describing what the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) are and how they are used. I will also be describing what the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is and what its purpose is. I will being going in to depth about both of this topics to inform you better of why we need that and how they benefit our legal system when solving crimes. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) is official data on crime in the United States, published by the FBI. The purpose of the UCR program is to provide a nationwide view of crime based on the submission of statistics by law enforcement agencies throughout the country.
In assessing the question “Are official statistics a reliable source of information about crime in Britain?” several factors will be considered: including how the statistics are collected, the divide between males and females in crime statistics, the over representation of ethnic minorities and any problems in looking at the true extent of crime using statistics as an indicator for this. In the United Kingdom statistics are produced by the Home Office, the first crime statistics were published in 1976, and contained crimes recorded by the police. Today these statistics are published annually. These statistics make up the British Crime Survey, which measures the amount of crime in England and Wales by asking people about crimes they have experienced in the last year. The British Crime Survey also includes crimes which are not reported to the police, therefore is an important alternative to police records and provides criminologists, the police, the courts, the media and anyone else who has an interest with the statistics, two different types of data: Firstly trends on crime over time chartered, Details are compiled from offenders who are eventually found guilty or cautioned; details gathered include sex and the age of the offender.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Annotated Bibliography April 3, 2011 Devry University, ENG 135 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 Annotated Bibliography Abdinsky, Howard. (1981). Organized Crime. Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts. This first part of this book dealt with the definition and structure of organized crime, explaining organized crime and the history of organized crime.
The Uniform Crime Reports program began in 1930; it is the important source of crime information for law enforcement, policymakers, scholars, and the media. To make sure things are reported adequately the criminal offenses are divided into two major groups. Part I offenses and Part II offenses. In Part I, the UCR indexes reported incidents in two categories: violent and property crimes. Aggravated assault, forcible rape, murder, and robbery are classified
In it’s simplest definition, victimology is the study of the victim or victims of a particular offender (Wallace & Roberson 2011: 3). However, two other definitions expound deeper into victimology: (1) victimology is the study of crime victims and the psychological effects of being a victim (Def, Random House Dictionary, 2011), and (2) victimology is the study of the ways in which the behavior of crime victims may have or have not contributed to their victimization (Def, Merriam-Webster, 2011). The early works about victims were first written by criminologist, as early as the mid 1700’s. The term victimology was coined by Beniamin Mendelsohn in 1974 (Dussich, 2000). Several criminologist (Hentig, Mendelsohn and Ellenberger) examined victim-offender interactions and stressed reciprocal influences and role reversals.
Statistics are usually collected on based on three categories: Offenses, the breach of law; Offenders, those who commit the offenses; and the victims, the ones who are offended against. The United States has programs in which they collect this data; the first is the Uniform Crime Reports, which is compiled by the FBI and the Crime Victimization Survey, handled by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Crime statistics for the same crime can vary based on not just between countries and jurisdictions, but also between individual law enforcement officers that have come across the same exact case. There are some crimes that are reported to law enforcement but are not reported because the law enforcement officer that takes the report has the power of discretion. They have the ability to affect how much crime is recorded, based on how they record their activities.
Word count : 1700 Criminal victimization and rational theories The classical approach to explain crime has always revolved around examining the personal motivations of offenders for committing crime. However, in the recent past decades researchers have focused not only on offender incentive, but also on the lifestyles and activities of those at risk of being victimized. The following article explores different risk determinants, rational choice and social control theories in an attempt to establish both victim and offender's crime circumstances. Cohen, Kluegel and Land present the opportunity model of predatory victimization perspective as a basic explanatory model for criminal victimization. In order to comprehend why race, age and income have the potential to affect criminal victimization, the authors portray five main risk factors which are: exposure, guardianship, proximity to potential offenders, attractiveness of targets and definitional properties of specific crimes.
The Psychology of Criminal Behavior: Theories from Past to Present Arista B. Dechant Fort Hays State University, Kansas Table of Contents Personal Relevance Preface………………………………………………………………………….page 3 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………….………………….page 4 History of Criminal Behavior…………………………………………………………………..…….page 5 Rational Choice Theory……………………………………..………………………………………….page 6 Eysenck’s Theory of Personality and Crime……………………………………………..…..page 6 Trait Theory………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 9 Psychodynamic Trait Theory…………………………………………………………………………page 10 Social Structure Theory…………………………………………………………………………………page 11 Social Process Theory……………………………………………………………………………………page 12 Social Conflict Theory……………………………………………………………………………………page 13 Conclusion………………………..………………………………………………………………………….page 13 References……………………………………………………………………………………………….…..page 15 Personal Relevance Preface I have been involved in extensive research since undergraduate school surrounding criminals and how they operate. There are many ideas surrounding the cause of antisocial behavior and criminality. Through this independent study class for Fort Hays State University’s Justice Studies (Graduate) Program, I felt I would have the perfect opportunity to explore many of theories which have developed, over time, to explain criminal behavior. It is my hope that this research paper will provide an extensive and educational look at how the psychology of a criminal impacts the activity which is produced. It seems that every year brings new ideas, but I feel that the following is a conclusive look of research compiled from the beginning of criminality to the present.
Assess the usefulness of official statistics to our understanding of social problems. Illustrate your response with sociological arguments and evidence. To assess the usefulness of official statistics to our understanding of social problems, I will first look at what official statistics are, I will then look at crime and suicide as two examples of social problems. I will look at how both Positivists and Interpretativists use these statistics and how useful each of these sociological approaches find them. Official statistics is the name given to the numbers of crimes reported to or unveiled by the police themselves, which lead to a conviction, caution or are dealt with in some formal way by the law.