Roger’s development of the person centered therapy was inspired by the students of Otto such as Taft (1933). Thorne and Mearns (2007) argue that Rennie (1998) believed that the person centered therapist may be able to offer a route of direction without being directive. Sanders (2002)argues that Rogers believed that all individuals have the ability to be good, rational and trust worthy which enables them to move in positive directions. Likewise Schnieder and Krug (2010) explain that Wiheilm (1933) believed that all people were essentially good, had healthy core, self and character analysis which was the mythological and archetypal of Gustave Jung. All these humanistic psychologists did researches on freedom , values, tragedy, human potential, spirituality, personal responsibility and agreed people were naturally good.
And by the view, feelings, and actions” (p16) Horney’s (1950) also Adler writes that our Emotional reactions and lifestyle are associated with our basic beliefs and are therefore cognitively created. (P272)
Maria Pavlovski Assignment No. 1 Theoretical approaches in the use of counselling skills 1.1 Key characteristics and concepts of: Humanistic theory, The humanistic theory was developed by a group of American psychologists (Maslow, Rogers, May) in the 1940’s and 1950’s. Carl Rogers developed the person-centred approach based on the ideology that all people have a desire to grow and reach their full potential and fulfilment which Rogers termed as self-actualization. Humanistic counselling helps to enable the client to grow by providing them with six core conditions which provide a climate conductive to growth and therapeutic change. The six core conditions are: * Therapist-client psychological contact * Client vulnerability * Client perception * Unconditional positive regard * Empathic understanding * Therapeutic Congruence or Genuineness With Unconditional positive regard, the counsellor accepts the client unconditionally and is non-judgemental.
Process Report of a Client Centred Therapy Session Reflection and Literature Review "It is that the individual has within himself or herself vast resources for self-understanding, for altering his or her self-concept, attitudes and self-directed behavior - and that these resources can be tapped if only a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided." (Rogers, 1986, cited in The Carl Rogers Reader by Kirschenbaum & Henderson, 1989, p.135) This process report is an assignment for the Humanistic Approach module required as evidence that students have acquired the skills and understood how to work with clients from a humanistic perspective. The humanistic approach evolved in the United States in 1950s and it was proposed by Carl Rogers who proposed that “therapy could be simpler,
Describe how the cognitive approach has been applied to RET The cognitive approach believes that we are information processors. Our thinking and the way we process and interpret events can affect our behaviour particularly our mood. Therefore rational emotional therapy is linked to the approach because its attempts to change the way an individual interprets and thinks about certain events. Ret was devised by albert ellis in the 1950’s. it tries to tackle mustabatory thinking (the thinking that you must be good at everything and like by everyone) by trying to make the patient think more rationally about situations.
The aim of Person centered counselling is to increase a person’s feelings of self-worth (self esteem) and reduce the incongruence they have when entering therapy, between the ideal and actual self, and help a person become a 'fully funchioning' person (Rogers 1963) reaching their full potential. Here the person is known as a “client” who is valued and respected as an individual and is not labled or diagnosed, it is non directive and allows the client to lead themselves towards development, to actively solve their own problems and at their own pace. It believes in conscious acts and helps to encourage people to think about their feelings and encourage responsibility for their actions in terms of values and lifes meanings, focusing on bringing feelings and emotions into the present and dealing with them. It focuses more on the here and now rather then the past, as this was seen as more useful. However the past is sometimes looked into, gaining insight into how it effects the present.
Table of Contents Introduction 2 Origins of the humanistic approach 2 Core assumptions 3 Person centred therapy 3 Core Conditions of person centred therapy 4 Empathy 4 Unconditional positive regard 4 Congruence 5 From fixity to fluidity 6 Self-actualisation: the good life 7 The counsellor’s use of self 8 Strengths and limitation 9 Conclusion 9 References: 11 Bibliography 12 Introduction "When I look at the world I'm pessimistic, but when I look at people I am optimistic.” (Carol Rogers- Pioneer of humanistic approach) There are a number of unique and distinctive approaches to understanding human thought and behaviour. Each branch looks at issues and problems from a different perspective. A humanistic approach focuses on an individual’s potential, and stresses the importance of growth and self-actualization. As the opening quote illustrates, it is also an optimistic approach, which focuses on the human capacity to overcome difficulties. Humanistic psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s, as a response to what some saw as the limitation of behaviorist and psychodynamic theories.
Humanistic perspective is the view that argues that you are free to choose your own behavior, rather than reacting to environmental stimuli and reinforcers. The humanistic perspective on personality deals with human behavior. Humanistic psychologists believe that human drives towards personal growth and is based on the freedom to choose your own free-will. Excluding the environmental factors, humans are mostly conscious beings and are not controlled by unconscious needs and conflicts. They also believe that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality.
The main therapeutic techniques are: Logotherapy, the “I-thou model”, and the self-in-world concept. However since existential counseling is not a technique driven therapy, techniques from other therapies can be used effectively with an existential therapeutic focus. It appears applicable to a wide variety of counseling situations in which clients are seeking to resolve issues concerning the ultimate ‘meaning of life’ and does focus on the collaborative nature of the counselor – client relationship. Running Head: EXISTENTIAL COUNSELING 3 Existential therapy or counseling is classified as a humanistic theory by Maslow due to its focus on helping people achieve their full potential in life (Maddi, 1978). It is viewed more as an attitudinal or philosophical approach to counseling rather than a theory of therapy because it is loosely based on existential philosophy and it is not tied to any particular therapeutic technique (Sharf, 2004).
Humanism gives us a positive view of human beings and of their significant competence to be self-determining. This paper will explain how humanistic psychology, also known as the third force, is an approach that focuses on the basic concept that individuals are good and will seek out self-actualization but that finding self-fulfillment can be impacted by environment. The humanistic theory is guided by the belief of free will of human beings. This strong belief in free will has both positive and negative implications for the humanistic approach. The paper will show both positive and negative results that relate to the author's own insights and individualization.