Stress can be defined as a physical or psychological response to a threatening event. The immune system is a system of cells within the body that is to protect and fight the body from infectious agents such as viruses and other toxins. White blood cells identify and kill foreign bodies. One of the most important types if white blood cell is the lymphocyte, these develop as B cells or T cells. The immune system can fail us in two ways-either by becoming under-vigilant, letting infections enters the body, or over-vigilant, so that it is the immune system itself, rather than an infectious agent that causes illness.
It is shaped like a loosely closed fist. It acts as a filter for the blood taking bacteria and other foreign organisms out of the blood helping prevent infection. However, it is possible to live without a spleen as other organs in the body partly take over its function. Life without a spleen? The main risk to health after a splenectomy is an infection such as septicaemia, as the blood is not being filtered as effectively as it should be.
Bacterial infections can usually be treated with anti-biotics however some types of bacteria can form a protective spore which can make them more resistant to heat and chemicals. The requirements for optimum growth are is a temperature of 37c, water, food, time, oxygen/ no oxygen. Common illnesses caused by bacteria are Salmonella, tuberculosis, MRSA, bronchitis, ear infections and tonsillitis. Virus-tend to be smaller than bacteria and in order for the cells to reproduce they need to be in a living host. The common way of treating a virus is through immunization as anti-biotics will not be effective against viral infections.
Outline and evaluate research into the relationship between the immune system and stress-relates illnesses (12 marks) The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body. White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are part of this defence system. There are two basic types of these germ-fighting cells; phagocytes, which chew up invading germs and lymphocytes, which allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders. Long term suppression of the immune system leaves the body vulnerable to disease and infection. For this reason it is said that stress weakens the immune system.
Two Risk Factors for GI Disease in Older Adults Your name QCC Nursing 102 Helicobacter pylori and the excessive use of NSAIDs increase the risk for GI diseases in older adults. H. pylori is a bacteria that according to the CDC more than 50% of the worlds population is infected with. (Snyder, D., 2005). Yet, if you ask the common layperson about it, they do not have a clue what it is or its consequences. On the other hand, if you mention NSAIDs like Motrin and Aleve you get a different response.
Toxin produced is responsible for the infection Staphylococcal toxins can also act as superantigens Cleaning and removal of dirt reduces rates of infection Antibiotics, resistant strains 2. Streptococcus pyogenes: Group A Strep “Flesh-eating” bacteria Necrotizing fascitis. Bacteria multiply in dead tissue, producing toxin which kills tissue, muscle Superantigens Antibiotics are of little value in killing bacteria as the circulatory system which would carry the drugs, does not function in the dead tissue, sometimes amputation may be needed. 3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: is the prime cause of life threatening burn infections.
Damaged skin make easier way for the virus in the surface invade into the body. An other way, you can get the HPV for touching someone's warts or contacting surface without protect, such as public showers or swimming pools. Actually, HPV infection is not exactly result in physically symptoms and even though you get the virus, your immune system defeats the virus before it has a chance to create any warts as I talked before. When warts do appear, they may vary in appearance depending on which HPV virus is involved. There are pictures shows different types warts are created by HPV infection.
These fluids collect in and around the alveoli, and the alveolar walls thicken. Both events seriously reduce gas exchange and lead to hypoxemia, interfering with oxygenation and possibly leading to death. The capillary leak spreads the infection to other areas of the lung. If the organisms move into the bloodstream sepsis occurs. (3) Etiology: Pneumonia develops when the immune system cannot combat the virulence of the invading organisms.
In another case, both types of diseases can be prevented only with certain steps. Separation from other people can lessen the chances of having another person becoming infected, cleaning and washing hands can be helpful, and receiving a vaccination is a beneficial way to not get the disease. There most common diseases are difficult to prevent due to the number of cases every year. These diseases mostly affect the respiratory system since the bacteria and viruses can travel in the air. The most common viral disease that affects the upper respiratory system is the common cold.
Moreover, ¾ of American consumers use antibacterial soap. (Cleaning Institute, 2011) Therefore, it is important to bring awareness to the society and prevent its harmful outcomes to human beings. Bob Dunn’s “Scientists Discover That Antimicrobial Wipes and Soaps May Be Making You (and Society) Sick” argued that the antimicrobial soaps and wipes could make people sick when compared with normal soaps, which is healthier to use. This is because normal soap would not cause resistant bacteria in our body. The idea was based on an experiment led by Dr.Allison.