Corporate Culture in Organisations

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Corporate culture has been a hotly debated topic in organizational studies. Organisations exist to achieve a certain set of goals, therefore much research has been done to try to determine the relationship between organizational behaviour and organizational performance. Studies usually revolve around internal constituents and external constituents and how these affect the performance of an organization. External constituents are such as government agencies, other organizations, economic and social conditions and national culture. Internal constituents are such as working practices, employment conditions, systems and structures and cultures within organizations. Corporate or organisational culture is defined by Moorhead and Griffin (1998) as a set of values, often taken for granted, that help people in an organisation understand which actions are considered acceptable and which unacceptable[i]. I tend to adopt with a more simple and straightforward definition “a set of norms and values that are widely shared and strongly held throughout the organisation” by O’Reilly and Chatman (1996)[ii]. In organisations there are always acceptable way of doing things, not only in terms of following written procedures, but in interpreting procedures and sometimes giving the extra mile in the organisation’s interest when executing the procedures. In Yin Teng Chew’s (2005) study of HRM practices of Malaysian institutions, she describes the role and extra role behaviours of employees that can be enhanced to facilitate a more committed workforce. The role is defined as organisational commitment which characterises an employee’s relationship with the organisation which he/she works and has implications for whether or not an employee will choose to remain with the organisation[iii]. The extra role behaviour also called organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) (Colye-Shapiro, Kessler
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