Velocity is a measure of how often money “turns over” in a period. It is equal to nominal GDP divided by the nominal money supply. The quantity theory of money assumes that velocity is constant, which implies that real money demand is proportional to real income and is unaffected by the real interest rate. 7. Equilibrium in the asset market is described by the condition that real money supply equals real money demand because when supply equals demand for money, demand must also equal supply for nonmonetary assets.
Net cash provided by operating activities indicates the net sources and uses of cash in operating activities. The statement of cash flows helps determine the inflows and outflows of cash which, in turn, helps an entity determine how effectively it is converting its revenues to free cash flow. Free cash flow is one of the best metrics to determine the profitability of a company. Free cash flow is determined by analysing the operating, investing and financing section of the statement of cash flows. Generally, free cash flow is cash flows provided by operating activities less cash flows used by investing activities for the purchases of plant, property and equipment and the repayment of long-term debt.
Market failure refers to a situation in which the market does not allocate resources efficiently. ANSWER: T TYPE: T KEY1: D SECTION: 2 OBJECTIVE: 7 RANDOM: Y [cxxii]. Since taxes affect only the price paid by the buyer, they cannot have an adverse impact on the allocation of society’s resources. ANSWER: F TYPE: T KEY1: C SECTION: 2 OBJECTIVE: 7 RANDOM: Y [cxxiii]. A monopolist has market power.
• A financial asset is considered to have value if it has the ability to generate positive cash flows. • A financial asset is considered to have value if it is acquired at its market value • A financial asset is considered to have value if it is acquired a its book price. When determing the value of a firm, which of the following statements is true? • The timing of cash flows a firm can generate is very important in determing the value of a firm. All else being equal, cash received sooner is better.
Federal Reserve and Economic Policies Roberto Rodriguez ECO/372 6/26/2013 Shah Danyal Federal Reserve and Economic Policies Multiple factors and policies influence the regulations and guidelines that the Federal Reserve exercises in shaping the economy. The Federal Reserve operates with monetary policies to avoid inflation as well as to control the money supplies. Banks set their specific interest rates based on the discount rates implemented by the Reserve. Stimulus plans directly affect the money supply and the circulation of funds through the money multiplier effect. Discount rate is an indicator signifying change to the monetary policy rather than controlling the money supply.
In terms of consumerism, the good life is damaging to the environment, places too much emphasis on money, and it dwindles the importance of non-market values. According to Annie Leonard’s “The Story of Stuff”, our current materials economy is a commodity chain in which goods go from extraction, to production, to distribution, to consumption, and finally to disposal. The system sounds stable but it is actually in crisis. Anyone with a simple understanding of mathematics can tell you that you cannot run a linear system on a finite planet in the real world. In order for us, the consumers, to get all of our fancy products and up-to-date technologies, a process that we turn a blind eye to takes place.
In the case of our government, debt is managed primarily by selling bonds. The process is cyclical as the government has to sell new bonds to pay for older bonds that have matured. It is important to realize that debt should be judged in relation to assets. While debt is probably never a good thing, in the case of the U.S. economy it is not as bad as it seems. When we view some of the assets of the United States such as natural resources, skilled workforce, and tax revenue generating businesses, we see that our assets have enough value to sustain our current debt level
Therefore, understanding exactly how monetary policies will affect the economy is extremely important. Monetary policies generally will raise or lower interest rates, which will ultimately affect individuals and business demand for goods and services. Unfortunately, many individuals do not understand the entire concept surrounding the Federal Reserve real interest rate. For example, any magnitude of decreasing the real rates will lower the cost of borrowing; this will increase investment spending, and influence individuals to buy durable goods. These items may consist of automotive, recreational vehicle, homes, and higher educational opportunities.
It uses Public money unnecessarily and is unfair to taxpayers. It makes financial reform going forward much more difficult. Protecting the markets for derivative products like CDOs and CDSs allows for a repeat of the risky practices that got us into the current crisis. And finally, by guaranteeing the corporate existence of large banks, we are maintaining their power and priorities and thus are not likely to see gains on predatory lending, foreclosure abuse, and other areas where reform is sorely needed. If we want to help the people who are suffering in this crisis and recession, then we should make financial policies with them directly in mind.
All monetary policy factors work together in collaboration to achieve a balance between economic growth, low inflation, and a reasonable rate of unemployment. It is important to have a good balance between the different factors influencing monetary policy because if the money supply is either too “easy” or too “tight” there are undesirable effects on the economy. If the money supply is increased to eliminate or reduce inflation, and it is not done carefully, and gradually—the economy could suffer from increased unemployment and a recession may result. If the money supply is decreased to help the economy overcome a recession, and it is not done carefully and with gradually, it can result in economic inflation. Neither one of these are desired effects, so caution and careful consideration of possible monetary policy actions is necessary each time a decision is