Constructivism vs Cognitivism

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Discuss the view that learning is a process of constructing understanding, not just of internalising information. To commence this essay I feel it is necessary to define what it is we mean by “learning”, personally learning is the process of a piece of information, no matter the quantity or quality of that information, improves one’s knowledge and/or attitude. The way in which we gain the information has a part to play in how successful the process of learning will be. “Learning occurs when experience causes a relatively permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or behaviour” (Woolfolk et al., 2008, p.244). I believe that the essay title is correct in saying that “learning is a process of constructing understanding, not just of internalising information” because in my opinion learning can occur through many different forms. There are four main schools of thought in psychology when it comes to learning, behaviourism, humanism, constructivism and cognitivism. This essay will deal with constructivism and cognitivism as the title falls into both of these categories. Internalising information is a feature of cognitivism whereas constructing understanding is an aspect of constructivism. I will concentrate on both of these theories in this essay and although I feel that neither theory provides a complete picture of learning I think that both of them could be combined to form a more holistic and comprehensive theory for the process of learning. I will primarily examine constructivism. Constructivism is the most recent trend in considering what learning is, but finds its roots in much the earlier work of Vygotsky and Piaget in the early decades of the 20th Century. The basic element of the constructivist approach is that learners will construct knowledge and meaning throughout the process of learning and there are generally argued that two basic forms exist, cognitive

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