Constitution of Madina

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The Backdrop to the Charter of Madinah Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) delivered the message of Allah in Makkah for about 13 years in the face of staunch opposition. In 622 A.D. he finally moved to Yathrib (Madinah) together with his followers after receiving an invitation from the Arab tribes of Yathrib. At that time, Yathrib was a pluralistic society composed of people of different religions with a large population of Jews. These tribes were engaged in bitter quarrels and often went to war over disputes that had been going on for generations. There were 12 tribes of Arabs divided between Aws and Khazraj and ten Jewish tribes including Banu Nazeer, Banu Quraiza and Bani Qainuqa. The continuous state of anarchy in Madinah eventually forced the residents to seek options for peace. They agreed to make a prominent tribal chief, Abdullah ibn Ubay bin Salool, their king so that peace and harmony could be achieved. Around this time, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) arrived in Madinah and the tide turned against Abdullah bin Ubay. Since the Prophet was viewed as a respectable, honest and trustworthy person, he was requested to head the soon to be city-state of Madinah. Creation of the Charter After assuming a central role in Madinah, the Prophet recognized a few pressing needs, which included: * Determining the rights and responsibilities of the local population as well as the immigrants from Makkah * Making agreements with the non-Muslim population of Madinah, especially the Jews, to ensure peace and harmony * Creating a strategy and plan to defend the city against invasions * Making resources available for the immigrants to make a living The strong need to create a centralized government in Madinah to end the prevailing anarchy culminated in the creation of the Charter of Madinah. The text of the charter has been preserved in its entirety by the

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