She developed on Bowlby’s IWM theory by looking at the individual differences on types of attachments that may be formed to the primary care-giver. Ainsworth looked at children’s behaviour during separation from their mothers, beginning in Uganda and a later study in the US Ainsworth developed the strange situation experiment as a standard test to measure attachment in children (Oates, 2005). From her results she discovered three main times of attachment. Secure, insecure (split into sub-categories) and absent (Oates, 2005). The way in which the child behaves during the strange situation is determined by the behaviour the care giver presents to the child.
18 Burke JD, Loeber R, Birmaher B (2002), Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part II. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:1275-1293. 19 Kazdin AE (2005), Parent Management Training: Treatment for Oppositional, Aggressive, and Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents. New York: Oxford University Press. 20 Brestan EV, Eyberg SM (1998), Effective psychosocial treatments of
Using a combination of behavioural measures, mainly proximity seeking and maintenance of proximity, Ainsworth classified infants as securely attached, anxious avoidant or anxious resistant. In the middle class US samples, 65% of infants were categorized as secure with the remainder equally distributed across the other two types. Ainsworth research led her to two conclusions, firstly there are different types of attachments and these types are differentiated in observed attachment behaviours. Secondly, the type of attachment between a mother and child is dependent upon the mother sensitivity and responsiveness to the child. Ainsworth said that an anxious avoidant child ignores their mother, seems indifferent, is easily comforted, they treat mother and stranger the same.
Child Development, 52(4), 1341-1343. Turan, B., & Horowitz, L. M. (2007). Can I count on you to be there for me? Individual differences in a knowledge structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(3),
One commonly used assessment tool from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment is the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). “The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18) is one of the most commonly used parent-report questionnaires for assessing emotional and behavioral functioning in youth,” (Jastrowski et al., 2009, p. 606). This checklist is generally used on children and adolescents from ages six to eighteen, and the parent or guardian is the person who is responsible for completing the checklist. The checklist includes items such as the child is withdrawn, sleep problems, anxious/depressed, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent, aggressive, etc. With the CBCL, the clinician simply scans the results and examines which symptoms seem to be troubling, according to the parent.
NAME: Cantil, Hazel Jan DATE: 10 October 2014 Observation of an Infant Name of Infant : Jenna Mei Sustal Address of Observation: 7150 Tuther Way San Diego CA 92114 Age of Infant: 4 months and 3 days Birthdate of Infant: June 6, 2014 Relationship of Infant to Student: Niece of my friend Name of Caregiver: John Paul Nazareno Relationship of Caregiver to Infant: Niece Date of Observation: 09 October 2014 Telephone Number of Caregiver: (858)386-3473 I. Physical characteristics: Discuss the physical appearance of the infant, including: body size, complexion, hair color, body proportions (how body appears), and physical features. Baby Jenna has a
& Fridley, D. (1990). Teaching self-help skills to autistic and mentally retarded children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 11, 361–378. Newman, B. (1999).
(2007). Bowlby Maternal Deprivation Attachment Theory in psychology. Retrieved October 12, 2011, from Simple Psychology: www.simplypsychology.org/bowlby.html Mcllveen, R. +. (1997). Developmental Psychology.
“Placement Shift, Sibling Relationship Quality, and Child Outcomes in Foster Care: A Review” Abstract: The study sought to investigate sibling unity and its affect on child behavior problems while in the foster care system. The study tried to find support for the long held protective policy of placing siblings together. In the study of 156 maltreated children, siblings were in one of three placement groups: continuously together, continuously apart, or disrupted placement. Changes in child adjustment as a function of sibling relationship and placement group were examined. Positivity and negativity between siblings and individual behavior problems were noted before placement and observed upon follow-up.
| Department of Job and Family Services | Child Endangerment | | | CJ102: Criminology I Prof: Theresa Hicks July 9, 2013 | | The Department of Job and Family Services is planning the decision to implement a new strategy based policy on the Social Learning Theory. It was predicted that children who become adults with moms and dads who have documented neglect, neglect, family attack, or material costs are selecting child endangerment. The new strategy states that any parent or guardian, guard and or proper care company with documented offenses of this kind will have their children removed from their homes to be placed in the proper situation or enhance excellent proper care services