Not until Edo period did Confucianism in Japan flourish and entered its peak era, becoming what is known as Japanese Confucianism (Ping & Lili 2010). The three dominant schools of philosophy in Japan were led by Yamaga Sokou, Ito Jinsai and Ogyuu-Sorail. Although the leaders were separated by the differences in their thoughts, they all agreed that Japanese society should be guided by the theory and philosophy of classic Confucianism (Ping & Lili, 2010). While the essence of Confucianism was absorbed by Japanese thinkers at that time, it adopted some unique factors of Japan’s folk customs in order to make it closer to Japanese society. Classic Chinese Confucianism stressed the harmony among social members.
Japan, which lies east of China and just under Korea, was no exception as it too fell under the gaze of the West. However Japan is regarded as an exceptional case in history, for it ‘opened its doors’ to these nations and learnt and adapted to their Western ways in order to emerge later as a stronger nation and world power. This paper seeks to exam the process through which Japan underwent during this transaction. The arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in Uraga Bay, July 1853, saw the beginning of this process of rapid and bewildering change that would greatly alter the course of Japan’s history. In less than a century, Japan would transform itself into the first country outside of the West to possess a modern state, a modern industrial economy and involve itself in the politics of the world; Japan would become the first Imperial nation that wasn’t from the west.
These disputes stemmed around the ownership of patents protecting technologies. The Japanese patent law is based on the first-to-file principle and is mainly given force by the Patent Act of Japan. The United States (U.S.) at the time used the first-to-invent patent system which states that when an inventor conceives of an invention and diligently reduces the invention to practice, the inventor's date of invention will be the date of conception and thus be provided the patent (Junghans & Levy, 2006). The fundamental differences in there two types of patent systems started a long and unsuccessful process of negotiations, technical meeting and independent analysis to determine which company invented the technology first. This lead to the Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS) component of the Uruguay Round of General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
“In any event it seems clear that the Yayoi people are the descendents of the vast majority of present-day Japanese. At first the Yayoi lived primarily on the southern island of Kyushu, but eventually they moved northward onto the main island of Honshu, conquering, assimilating, or driving out the previous inhabitants of the area, some of whose descendants , known as the Ainu.” (Duiker, 2007) “A 600 year old DNA correlation with modern Ainu and mummified Jomon confirm this. The conventional dual-structure model has long argued that modern Ainu are direct descendants of a single, Pleistocene human lineage from Southeast Asia, namely the Jomon people.” “In contrast, recent evidence from archaeological, anthropological and genetic
The Tokugawa continued to rule Japan for 265 years. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city of Edo, now Tokyo (2 Dynasty of Tokugawa Shoguns), they ruled until the Meiji Restoration when the Shoguns were stripped of their power and reduced in rank to Ronin. (2.) Unlike any of his predecessors, Ieyasu was able to establish a dynasty (2). He redistributed land among the daimyo: more loyal vassals received strategically more important domains accordingly.
Pressures from China, Japan, and the United States have been received by the Okinawan people into developing its own unique culture. The history of the Ryukyu Kingdom prior to the Meiji era was of an independent nation that was highly influenced by the Chinese but later destroyed by the invasion of a Japanese clan in the seventeenth century. Regardless of the exchanges that Okinawa had to endure, it has been able to maintain certain elements that remain with its people. One of those elements is the dependency of the women and her role in the life of Okinawa. Although it has appeared that man dominates the land, it’s actually the woman that is the center piece to keeping the flow of life very smooth.
The first Governor-General of Taiwan was Kabayama Sukenori. He announced the beginning of Japanese power of sovereign of Taiwan by holding a dominion inauguration ceremony on June 17 (Encyclopedia of Taiwan). Other than the Governor-General, the chief civil administrator was very important as well. Goto Shinpei was the most well-known administrator in Taiwan because he had made a lot of great contributions to Taiwanese, and these contributions deeply influence Taiwanese society. Socially, Japanese government strived to work on abandoning out-of-date customs or habits in Taiwan and improving public sanitation.
Japan history can be divided into several categories. Historians often classify Japan’s history into tree eras: the ancient era, the feudal era and the modern era. The ancient era stands out for the rise of religions such as Buddhism and the development of agriculture and pottery and metallurgy with influences from other Asian countries. Around the 11th century the era known as the feudal era was emerging with the rise of a ruling class of warriors called the samurai commanded by the Shogun. This era is also called the Shogunate.
Gandhi struggled to fight against British colonizing power and the Western models of society brought with it. In China, Mao shared the same struggle against an invading power. While not a Western nation, Japan invaded China and brought what Mao considered Western systems: imperialism, colonialism, and capitalism. The historical context in which these two leaders fought an invading power was, of course, a national issue, independent of one another. However, what they fought against and the goals they made for their national struggles were global and holistic.
Shiva and Vishnu were the most favored deities in Khmer-style Hinduism (Duiker 244). That still begs the question however how did Hinduism reach the Khmer empire in the first place? Hinduism’s origins within this area can be traced back to the previous kingdoms of Funan and Chen-La. These kingdoms are thought to be the first to rise after Indian traders reached this region of Southeast Asia (). It is even thought that the people of these kingdoms may have been comprised of Indians who stayed in the area to create trading posts.