The increase of central control through the introduction of Land Captains establishes his power rather than benefiting the people of Russia, therefore making Alexander III a reactionary. Contrastingly, Alexander III did scrap plans to destroy the zemstva completely, consequently giving some power to the people. The zemstva was an elective form of local government, initially in rural towns but was extended to towns and cities, which had responsibility for elementary education. Despite the
How accurate is it to say that the growth of reformist groups in the years from 1881 was the main cause of the 1905 Revolution? The 1905 Revolution was the start of political change in Russia, unlike other major European powers of the time, Russia was being ruled by an autocratic government and any effective reforms would have had to been by ‘change from above’. However, the Tsar Alexander III and his son, Nicholas II were firm conservatives and this ideal route would not have happened. Resentment to the lack of change created the growth of reformist governments and caused a Revolution which catalysed the much needed change in Russia. There were many factors that created a base for the reformist groups to flourish at that time in Russia which in turn created a Revolution.
The emperor of the Safavid Empire was called the Shah. The bureaucracy was appointed officials, often from different countries to eliminate competition. The senior officials were appointed by merit and not by birth. The Shah shared a large interest in economy and engaged in commercial and manufacturing activities. The Shah would check on the honesty of his subject by going to the street markets in disguise similarly to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
Alexander II’s reforms involved the 1864 Zemstva Act, which created local councils. These local councils had powers to provide roads, schools and medical services. However, the right to elect members was restricted to the wealthy. This meant that only the nobles would be in charge, as they would all vote their friends into office. However after Karakazov attempts to assassinate the Tsar in 1866, he becomes much more autocratic, revealing that he had no intention of significantly developing politics, his use of the Zemstvas were in fact to help sustain autocracy, through making local administration more efficient.
To what extent did Alexander III measures create a stronger Russia? When Alexander III came into power as tsar Russia was in crisis after Alexander II was assassinated by the people will. Alexander III faced a hard job of keeping control of Russia and keeping supreme political power, this meant reform for Russia. Although he was reforming Russia like many Russians wanted to, he was actually moving backwards and launched Russia on the return to conservatism and brought an end to further political reform.Alexander III brought in new reforms to strengthen Russia after the tsar was assassinated because of Russia bad state, these reforms effected the political, financial and nearly every aspect of Russian society. One of the most radical and important changes the tsar first made was russification , this meant that in 1885 the official language was changed to Russia and was taught in all school and no other language was allowed to be used in school .
All in all, these two major movements produced a new understanding of society's relationships--first with God, and then with government. Shaping new attitudes was a first step towards what will eventually become the struggle for Independence and the American Revolution. However, most of the ideas would perhaps have remained theoretical if not for the wars that swept North America and increased tensions with the crown. In the early 1750s, French expansion into the Ohio River valley repeatedly brought France into armed conflict with the British colonies and the Seven Year War broke out. The French lost the war and in 1763 the Treaty of
From 1800 to 1950, there was much change within the Russian government. The political policies and beliefs of Nicolas I, Alexander II, Alexander III, and Nicolas II were in a constant fluctuation a short period of time. Nicolas I and Alexander III were the leaders who were against reform and enforced extreme Communist ways upon Russia while Alexander II and Nicolas II were the ones who wanted reform. There was another major change in Russia’s government due to the shift from Lenin to Stalin. Lenin was a triumphant ruler who was the mastermind behind many good things that came out of Russia.
How far had Russia transformed between 1881-1914? From 1881 to 1914 Russia experienced many transformations, particularly: socially, economically and politically. Some of these areas transformed a lot quicker than others; this is because each area had to be approached differently. The government was constantly changing and introducing new reforms that would try to develop Russia but this would take place over time, which is the situation the economical area is situated in where they are having to build new railways to transport goods to be sold, which also are taking a long time to build due to the lack in advanced technology. The social groups on the other hand are constantly changing and transforming, sometimes influenced by the change in government because of the different beliefs and aims of each group.
Crusades effected the English people politically, economically, and by exposing the Englishmen to new cultures. The Crusades had a significant influence in Europe in general, not just English people. At the time, the continent was united under a powerful Pope, but by the end of the 14th century, centralized bureaucracies (which have been defined as the foundation of the modern nation state) was flourishing in England, France, Spain, and other countries, due to the tyrannical dominance of the church during the Crusades. The Crusader society in the Kingdom of Jerusalem was also characterized by a culture of innovation, including political structures, governance, and taxation. The need to raise, transport, and supply the large armies led to a flourishing of trade throughout Europe.
He was a leading figure in bringing drastic changes in Russia from the old medieval life to that of a leading power in Eastern Europe. During his regime, laws were implemneted on how to dress. He wanrted men to wear waistcoasts, breeches, gaiters and boots and women must wear peetocoats, skirts, bonnets and western shoes. To help force the new dress code, Peter instructed guards to foroce vistors at the city gartes to their knees and cut their long tradiional coats The military was also modernized during the rule of the Peter the great. He opened the military up to other classes of people in Russia which made the Army more diversified and had an effect on all classes within Russia..