In 1898, a new party arose in Russia, the Social Democrats; their aim was to achieve revolution in Russia by following the ideas of Karl Marx. Marx, a German revolutionary, had the idea that “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles”; he described this as dialectic. Marx based much of his thinking about history, economics and philosophy; the French revolution had helped the German revolutionary to extend his ideas about the struggles between different classes in society. He came at a very convenient time for Russia as she was just beginning her industrial revolution, this promised revolutionaries to create the industrial conditions that would make a successful revolution possible. The 'great spurt' of the 1890s saw a formation of a new social class; the proletariats.
A change in society occurred in June of 1918 with the introduction of War Communism. War Communism meant that all industry was nationalised, private sales were forbidden as personal profits became illegal, strict working rules were put in place, and a class based rationing system was introduced. War Communism brought about major changes to Russian society but in order to assess how successful it was in its changes, each aspect of its original goals must be looked at. As described by David Christian, one of the two pressures that lead to War communism was ‘the need to fight the civil war’. In this aspect the changes brought about by this policy were successful as it resulted in a Bolshevik victory in the war as it ‘...did the job of supplying towns and armies with just enough food and supplies to keep providing war material and to keep fighting.
Throughout the duration of this essay, I will begin with exploring the idea and concept of postmodernism, and then move on to depict and evaluate these claims made by post-modernists in more depth. Postmodernism is a late 20th century phenomena that argues there has been a departure from modernism. There have been many changes which have led to this new epoch known as postmodernity. Most importantly, there has been a new form of society, brought about by fundamental changes in the nature of society. There are three distinct characteristics that allow us to recognize the difference from modernity; changes in capitalism, changes in the consumer society, and the rise of a global society.
Economy was an initiative to stop prevents people from supporting Great Britain. Farmers were given pre-emption rights which would increase the economy (Doc E). The new government built after the American Revolution was built on the foundation of fundamental economic interests (Doc H). The American Revolution was Revolutionary by bringing social changes. There were new relationships between people of different classes.
3. how did lenin make a compromises between the ideas of capitalism and communism. Why did he think that the compromise was necessaey? In 1921, Lenin touted his New Economic Policy (NEP) as a compromise recipe for postwar recovery. 4. what were the goals and results of stalkins fiver year plans? Stalin's five year plan concentrated on the development of iron and steel, machine-tools, electric power and transport.
He describes the government as disorganized. There were many ideological principles that contributed to the Russian Revolution. These ideas were based on the theories of Karl Marx. These ideas were also based on socialism, as mentioned in Document 1. In Document 7, Lenin’s laws also show ideological principles that contributed to the Russian Revolution.
Since Russia was formed, it was always ruled over by a monarchy. Examples of this are Peter the Great, Catherine the Great and Alexander I ("Background Note: Russia"). In 1905 there was a Russian Revolution due to the defeat in the Russo-Japanese war which forced the monarch to grant a constitution introducing democratic reforms. In 1917 there was another revolution. This revolution resulted from the horrific defeats in World War I for the Russians and internal pressures.
V.I Lenin was the first communist leader who emerged after the Russian Revolution, when the newly developed Soviet Union was formed. According to the text "Communism espouses the abolishment of classes with all property being controlled by the government".Lenin got the ideas for communism from the German philosopher Karl Marx. With Lenin's plan, Communism collectivized and industrialized the nation.
RUSSIA NOTES: OPPOSITION Themes: Division, strength of govt., disorganisation OR Intelligentsia, minorities, peasants The Russian Revolutionary Tradition Westerners Liberals (Intelligentsia etc.) look towards European ideas: Want Liberal democracies, Middle Classes, want industrialisation and technology, create a WC Socialism and Marxism led by intellectuals Russia is morally weak and outdated Humiliation in war (Crimea, RT, RJ). No longer “great power”. Modernisers (Libs, Marxists) Technocrats (With, Stolypin) support govt. and opponents Slavophils Looked towards Russian history Peasant communes (Mir) say socialisms already there (PC) Agricultural society (land) Religious purity/ racial purity of Russia Russia
“Marxists indeed advocated that the world should become Communist, but not by hostile takeover. Rather, they advocated a series of national revolutions around the globe which would allow the victorious workers ultimately to join together as one, abolishing the very idea of nationhood. (The