Company Law - Company Formation

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Company Law: Learning Outcome 1 Assessment (a) Once a company is successfully formed it has its own unique personality from any member or director who has subscribed to its memorandum. As members come and go, the company will always exist. This means it will be around for an indefinite period unless of course it is wound up. This new artificial ‘person’ has many legal rights which enable it to do several things ordinary human beings can such as enter into contracts, incur liabilities, own property and have a bank account. The main precedent for this ruling is the case Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd [1897] in which the owner of a sole trader business decided to turn it into a limited company in order to limit his own personal liability. Since the company was its own unique person, Salomon was technically selling his business to it for £40,000 (£10,000 of which was through a debenture). The company was wound up a year later though with assets of only £6,000 and its liabilities were a £7,000 debt owed to unsecured creditors as well as the £10,000 debenture owed to Salomon. The unsecured creditors felt they had first priority over all the assets seen as the company was essentially Salomon himself in all but name. The case went as far as the House of Lords (would’ve been the Supreme Court nowadays) and they ruled that Salomon was owed all the remaining assets, meaning the other creditors were owed nothing. Lord McNaughton’s comments gave the reason for the verdict: "The company at law is a different person altogether from the subscribers to the memorandum ...; and, though it may be that after incorporation the business is precisely the same as it was before, and the same persons are managers, and the same hands received the profits, the company is not in law the agent of the subscribers or trustee for them. Nor are the subscribers, as members, liable in any

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