Na and Mg are electropositive so they lose electrons in reactions and oxygen atoms form oxide ions O2-. Oxide ions are strong bases because they can accept protons from water. So, sodium peroxide and magnesium oxide are basic. Al2O3 is amphoteric as it has reactions as both a base and an acid. Si, P, S and Cl are increasingly electronegative.
When the solution is acidified during diazotization to form nitrous acid, the sulfanilic acid is precipitated out of solution as a finely divided solid, which is immediately diazotized. The finely divided diazonium salt is allowed to react immediately with dimethlaniline in the solution in which it was precipitated. Mechanism Diazotization: [pic] Diazo Coupling: Methyl orange is often used as an acid-base indicator. In solutions that are more basic than pH 4.4, methyl orange exists almost entirely as the yellow negative ion. In solutions that are more acidic than pH 3.2, it is protonated to form a red dipolar ion.
Main – group metals usually for one cation (positive ion). In a binary ionic compound the metal (cation) is named first. Then the nonmetal (anion) is named, and the suffix -ide is added. To create the formula, you switch the charges, and that tells you how many of each element you will need. For example: Cation Anion Formula Name of Compound Ba2+ I- Ba2+ I- Barium Ion Iodide Ion BaI2 Barium Iodide Type 2: Binary Ionic Type 2 Binary Ionic compounds consist of a metal and a nonmetal.
These characteristics can be explained by examining the electronic structure of each element in this group. Alkali metals have one valence electron. They readily give up this electron to assume the noble gas configuration as a cation. This makes the elements in this group highly reactive. History Explore the discoverer's biography, including general facts about his life and anecdotes regarding how he made this particular discovery.
In redox reaction, one element or compound is reduced and gains electrons, while on the other hand, the other element or compound is oxidized and loses electrons. For this lab, through the given oxidation and reduction numbers from balancing the equation and the electrons, it was shown that Manganese was reduced while Iron was oxidized. Also from the equation, the movement of electrons can be noticed, as it was added or subtracted from the substances. In order to balance an equation, there must be same number of elements on both sides, with the exception of hydrogen and oxygen. From there, in order to balance oxygen, water molecules are enumerated to the opposite of the equation/reaction.
At this point, the sponge contains residual magnesium and magnesium chloride. Thus, the sponge is crushed and treated with hydrochloric acid and water in order to eliminate excess magnesium and magnesium chloride. Another method for removing the residues is the high temperature vacuum distillation. Although the hunter process is similar to the Kroll process, the hunter process is more expensive and it is only used for the production of small amounts of high purity powder. The hunter process follows the same steps as the Kroll process except for the fact that sodium is added to the vessel and therefore, NaCl is the salt that is entrapped in the pores of the sponge formed.
This was not a hard lab, but had a lot of new informations involved in it. I learned how to do the quantitative analysis between aldehydes and ketones. Introduction The Laboratory experiment focus on finding the unknown chemical based on those different tests which can eliminate the wrong guess. Both aldehydes and ketones have the carbonyl group, and the two carbon atoms of ketones only bond to carbonyl carbon without the hydrogen, but in the case of aldehydes one of the hydrogen has to bond with the carbonyl carbon. So, those carbonyl group could be aliphatic or part of the aromatic ring because they share carbonyl group.
The peroxide value (PV) test, which is one of the most common tests used to evaluate the extent of lipid oxidation, is based on measuring peroxides. Objective: To measure the PV or a number of food samples, and to evaluate the meaning of the results. Reagents: Acetic acid (glacial) Chloroform (CCl4) 15% Potassium iodide (KI) 0.01 N (0.01M) sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) Starch indicator 0.5 % concentrated hydrochloric acid HCl 0.01 N (0.00167M) potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 (fix.) Procedure Determination of the titre of the sodium thiosulfate solution Measure off 10 ml of 0.01N K2Cr2O7 solution to a 200 ml conical flask. Add 0.5 ml concentrated HCl and 1.0 ml 15% KI solution.
In this example: NO2- is the conjugate base of the acid HNO2 and H3O+ is the conjugate acid of the base H2O. Lewis: acid: accepts an electron pair base: donates an electron pair The advantage of this theory is that many more reactions can be considered acid-base reactions because they do not have to occur in solution A salt is formed when an acid and a base are mixed and the acid releases H+ ions while the base releases OH- ions. This process is called hydrolysis. The pH of the salt depends on the strengths of the original acids and bases: These salts are acidic or basic due to their acidic or basic ions. When weak acids or weak bases react with water, they make strong conjugate bases or conjugate acids, respectively, which determines the pH of the salt Strong Acids: These acids completely ionize in solution so they are always represented in chemical equations in their ionized form.
Maya Chamseddine 9m3 Mrs. Anwar science It might be said: Introduction: Indicators are used to test alkalinity and acidity of various items. These items may be present as either an acid chemical solution, basic chemical solution or a neutral chemical solution. Acidic solution meaning any item with a high PH, connoting potential hydrogen, neutral meaning nor a high or low PH and base meaning an item with a low PH. We use a PH scale to measure the concentration of acidity and alkalinity in a chemical solution. It is determined that acids tend to loose their potential hydrogen easily whereas bases are more than likely to hold on to their hydrogen.