I. Title: pGLO Transformation Lab II. Purpose; We want to be able to observe, comprehend and analyze genetic transformation as we genetically alter organisms. III. Hypothesis: If bacteria with + pGLO plasmids that are resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin and have the gene for GFP, colonies with survive and grow on the transformation plates that have LB/ amp.
MODEL ANSWERS FOR AQA BIOLOGY UNIT 1- BIOLOGY AND DISEASE June 2014 9 a. Explain why Maltase only breaks down Maltose, How does enzymes allow reactions to occur at body temperature? (5 marks) * Active site Specific to substrate-Complementary (Enzyme and Substrate) * Enzyme Substrate complex * Specific Amino Acid structure/ Primary Structure * Specific Tertiary Structure * Lowers activation energy * Reaction requires less energy for hydrolysis * Idea Biological catalyst/Not used up in reaction/Remains the same at the end of Reaction b. Explain in terms of the effect on enzymes how Competitive and Non-competitive inhibitors effect the enzymes (5 mark) * Competitive inhibitor similar shape to substrate * Blocks/Bound to Active site / Substrate can't bind * Enzyme substrate complex * Fewer Enzyme substrate complexes formed / Reduced products formed- example accepted e.g. Maltose --->2* Glucose / Reduced rate of reaction (Hydrolysis) * Non Competitive binds to site other than active site * Conformational change in shape of active site * Bonding breaks/ change shape / rearrange e.g.
Without these enzymes, our bodies cannot breakdown fructose into usable energy. A deficiency in aldolase B can be responsible for hereditary fructose intolerance by not allowing the second step of the process to happen. Hereditary fructose intolerance is a hereditary disorder caused by a genetic mutation. Because the enzyme adolase B is not functioning, the fructose 1 phosphate builds up in the liver and causes sequestration of F1P. This will lead to degradation of adenine nucleotides.
RNA will help repair the cells. E. Joseph’s heart attack has caused the function of his cells to change. What types of proteins in the cell membrane were involved in the homeostatic imbalances of his heart cells? ATP needs oxygen in the cells, for energy, without the heart pumping; the oxygen is limited and or cut off. Homeostasis can shut down causing imbalance of water, pH balance and ionic equilibrium, all factors of homeostasis in individual cells.
READ THIS LAB BEFORE COMING TO CLASS. Introduction: In this lab exercise we will study the effects of an abiotic (non-living) factor on seed germination (the beginning of seed growth which is usually seen with emergence of a small white root). We will also be stressing the use of graphing skills. We will use a common seed available in grocery stores, red kidney beans. These plants do not live near the sea normally.
(2 points) 13. For an enzymatic reaction, what should a blank contain? Hint: the answer is NOT “extra phosphate buffer”! (2 points) 14. What substances will you add to each enzyme reaction to stop it?
BIOL 103 Final Exam Solution https://hwguiders.com/downloads/biol-103-final-exam-solution/ BIOL 103 Final Exam Solution Question 1 Which statement about evolution is FALSE? Question 1 option: According to evolutionary theory, you are related to a bacterium, to a yeast cell, to a snake, and to a whale. In fact, you are related to every species now alive on Earth, and to fossil species like dinosaurs as well. Natural selection acts on genetic differences within a population to cause evolution. Individuals do not evolve.
Maple Syrup Urine In order for the body to use protein from the food we eat, it is broken down into smaller parts called amino acids. Special enzymes then make changes to the amino acids so the body can use them. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a metabolism disorder passed down through families in which the body cannot break down certain parts of proteins. Urine in people with this condition can smell like maple syrup. MSUD is a potentially deadly disorder that affects the way the body breaks down three amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
This system is called nucleotide excision repair and it is one of many systems that helps repair genes in the body. When it comes to Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) this is not the case, the nucleotide excision repair is not working in this disease, causing this persons DNA to stay damaged and has a phenotype with an OMIM number of 278700 (McKusik, 1986) . This disease is not only brutal to ones DNA but because their body cannot repair the DNA when exposed to UV light for even a minute it can have drastic affects. This disease was really described by two dermatologists from Vienna. They described the disease as xeroderma, which means parchment skin and then later added on the word pigmetnosum
E.g. of antibiotic is Vancomycin. Inhibit nucleic acid metabolism: blocks the recycling of the lipid carrier molecule needed to transport the peptidoglycans in the bacteria. E.g. of antibiotic Bacitracin (Reference for all the answers to question 3 = and ) 4.