There is no doubt counsellors have to be aware of the complications when it comes to culture (Pederson & Ivey 1993). Within a culture people develop patterns of behaviour that they have learnt. Cultural identity differences can be perceived between themselves and other groups and can also be based on personal preferences i.e. Language, religion, lifestyle, Birthplace or even life experiences. There is a danger that if counsellors minimise cultural differences they are likely to impose the larger multicultural groups similarities upon the smaller multicultural groups and uphold one group as being more important than the other.
(248). Diamond points out in this quote the potential alienation that arises when a language retains its esoteric elements that would drive potential students of the language away. Therefore, multilingual literacy is seen as a valuable skill in understanding and communicating between borders and civilizations. One source with a point of view striving for multiculturalism is the website languagemagazine.com. Not only does the website offer resources for those that might wish to study a foreign language, they offer articles giving points of view on how closing the gaps between people through
The essay is written with a mix of English and Spanish. She was born in 1942 in Rio Grande Valley and was raised learning a variety of Spanish called Chicano, and learning English as a part of the educational system. In the essay, Anzaldúa sees a clear connection between language and identity. “How to Tame a Wild Tongue” is from the book Borderlands/La Frontera. In the essay, Anzaldúa is very focused on the borders between culture, language, nations and classes, and how the way we speak is intertwined with our identity.
Running head: JOURNAL ARTICLE CRITIQUE PAPER Journal Article Critique Paper Chris Muth University of Phoenix Action Research MTE 561 Mishaleen Allen October 31, 2009 Journal Article Critique Paper Journal Article Critique The following critique features, “Who is responsible for educating English language learners? Discursive construction of roles and responsibilities in an inquiry community,” by Bonnie English, featured in Language & Education in 2009. The purpose of the critique is to identify the integral parts of the journal article. What background information is given, if any? Schools across the United States are educating more linguistically diverse students than ever before (Garcia and Cuellar
disability regulations, bilingualism/English as a second language/other language, deaf awareness, appeals/disptues procedures. Assessment Criteria :1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2 Assignment 2 Explain the role and responsibilities and relationships to other practitioners in deciding the content for planning, preparing and judging the quality of the assessment process: Include: • Arrangements for information collection • Sampling and standardisation across at least 2 assessors, each with a minimum of two candidates/students with different needs or in different contexts • Administrative arrangements • Requirements for resources (including using technology) • Arrangements for communicating with others • How disputes would be handled. Assessment Criteria: 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.2, 4.3, 6.2 Assignment 3 Explain how different types of feedback could be used to share the outcomes of quality assurance activity. Explain what support and advice could be offered to a minimum of 2 assessors to maintain and improve assessment and verification practice within the organisation as well as identify opportunity to improve practice. Assessment Criteria: 4.1, 6.3 Assignment 1 Review the policies
The culture of the Southwest is predominantly Hispanic of Mexican-American origin. The Mexican-American experience, history and heritage are intensified in its inhabitants. Mexican-American culture is not simply a blend of Mexico and the United States but the result of a unique historical process that developed with an originality all its own. The Embassy of Mexico chronicles the history of Mexico as so; the Pre-Hispanic Era was between 1200 B.C.-1521 A.D. and there were five major native societies that impacted the history of Mexico; the Olmecs, Mayans, Zapotecs/Mixtecs, Toltecs, and Aztecs. The Olmecs were the first recognized culture and they were significant because many past cultures borrowed religious, architectural and artistic customs from them.
Relationships also differ in cultures in terms of norms and rules. These norms act as guidelines for appropriate behaviour within a culture & dictate how people relate to and communicate with each other in the development of romantic relationships. For example, Ma studied self-disclosure in internet relationships and found that American students self-disclosed sooner than East Asian students. Cultures also differ in terms of the rules that apply to the development
Abstract Stereotype formation may base on the exaggeration of real group differences (category accentuation) or the misperception of group differences that do not exist (illusory correlation). This research account for both phenomena with J. K. Kruschke's (1996, 2001, 2003) attention theory of category learning. According to the model, the features of majority groups are learned earlier than the features of minority groups. In turn, the features that become associated with a minority are those that most distinguish it from the majority. This second process is driven by an attention-shifting mechanism that directs attention toward group-attribute pairings that facilitate differentiation of the two groups and may lead to the formation of stronger minority stereotypes.
As a result of this personal beliefs are necessarily newer cognitive structures. According to the text, the dissociation of automatic and controlled processes may provide some theoretical leverage for understanding the role of stereotypes and personal beliefs in responses to members of racial or ethnic groups. Devine argues that prejudice need not be the consequences of ordinary thought processes. She also concludes that although stereotyping still exist and can influence the responses of both high and low prejudice subjects, particularly when
To begin, simply stating that person perception is more complex than object perception solely based on the inclusion of emotional factors does not do the thought justice. It is vital to comprehend just what factors of emotion and behavior are present in order to understand to what extent they influence the perception. For instance, Kenny discusses the importance of stability in the distinction between object and person perception. Simply stated, "an individual's behavior changes when he or she is with different interaction partners," (18). In essence this means that a person's perception of another person tends to be more stable and involved based on our instinctual analysis of a person's behavior.