What is a Ligament and how does it work? Ligament is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and supports and strengthens joints. The main functions of ligaments are to keep the bones of the skeleton in a suitable alignment and prevent abnormal movements of the joints. What is a Tendon and how does it work? A tendon is tissue that connects muscles to bones.
There are two parts to this ligament; superior and inferior. Superior acromioclavicular ligament this ligament is a quadrilateral band, covering the superior part of the articulation, and extending between the upper part of the lateral end of the clavicle and the adjoining part of the upper surface of the acromion. Inferior Acromioclavicular Ligament This ligament is somewhat thinner than the preceding, it covers the under part of the articulation, and is attached to the adjoining surfaces of the two bones. The coracoacromial ligament runs from the coracoid process and the acromion. The coracoacromial ligament is a strong triangular band, extending between the coracoid process and the acromion.
The vertebral column forms a stable but mobile axis for the rest of the body. It is made up of • Bones • Joints • Discs • Ligaments • Muscles • Tendons • Blood vessels The bones provide strength and are honeycombed for lightness, and ligaments , tendons and muscles provide stability. The muscles are also a source of power and provide movement and support for the spinal column, maintaining the natural curves and controlling excessive bending. Muscles are the first line in defense in protecting other structures of the back. Joints are where two or more bones meet.
U. tendons What is its function? The tendon connects the muscle to the bone. What is a body tissue? Body tissue is groups of similar cells that perform a common function,
List the muscles of the rotator cuff. Answer: The muscles in the rotator cuff include: Teres minor; Infraspinatus; Supraspinatus;
A – Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics of Different Joints: Talorcrural Joint consists of the ligaments and muscles along with the distal tibia, medial malleolus and lateral malleolus which helps to structure a hinge joint and thus articulate on the talus.¹ Talus is the major weightbearer connecting the lower extremities to foot and allows for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. ² However, the Subtalar Joint (STJ) comprises of the articulation between the talus and calcaneus and thus allow for pronation and supination of one’s feet. When pressure is established on STJ, it allows one to rotate their legs (extension and flexion on knees). These movements create profound reactions on one’s lower extremities leading to compensation. ³ Midtarsal
Callaghan goes on to list some key points comparing braces to taping, listing the advantages and disadvantages of both. (Callaghan, 1997) “ANKLE TAPE AND BRACES: Restrict range of movement, Reduce re injury rate, Improve proprioception. Limitation of movement is lost after exercise. No negative effect on most performance tests, little negative effect on other joints. BRACES: Minimal expertise needed, reusable, readjust able, washable, and non-allergic.
The muscle tissue has four main properties; Excitability, Contractibility, Extensibility and Elasticity. Excitability; The ability to respond to stimuli. Contractibility; The ability to contract. Extensibility; The ability to stretch without causing a tear. Elasticity; The ability to be able to return to normal shape.
This type of joint is one of six synovial joints called the ball and socket joint. A synovial joint is a freely moveable joint with distinctive features. They all have a smooth cartilage covering the ends of the bones and a double layered capsule which encloses the joint cavity. The outer layer is tough and is used for protection against excessive movement in lots of directions, while the inner layer is used to release synovial fluid to help lubricate the joint during motion. This part of the capsule is known as the synovial membrane.
| 1.1. Quadratus labii superior: Is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone. Its medial fibers form the angular head, which arises by a pointed extremity from the upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips. One of these is inserted into the greater alar cartilage and skin of the nose; the other is prolonged into the lateral part of the upper lip, blending with the infraorbital head and with the Orbicularis oris. The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone.