Cold Desert Essay

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Cold desert of India – An Over view 1.Introduction Arid areas occur in the high latitudes, mainly pole-wards and away from equator and the landmass are very high in altitudinal aspects; these are termed as cold deserts. The cold desert area in India come under, the Trans-Himalayan zone, which lies in the rain shadow of the main Himalayan range and is usually described as high altitude cold desert. The cold desert vegetation is subjected to several drastic climatic conditions no .suitable for normal plant life. Scanty or no rainfall, great variation in temperature, ultra-violet, heavy snowfall, ground topography, soil texture and low fertility are some of the factors which make the plant life extremely difficult and due to high velocity winds, which are constantly blowing in the cold desert region, the plants tend to become prostrate, thick woolly, cushion forming, bushy, hardy, spiny, with long roots and small leaves (Chowdhery and Rao, 2000). In the State of Himachal Pradesh, behind the facade of green beautiful hills and deep undulating valleys, lies a vast area of mountain cold deserts between Latitude of32' 34" North and Longitude of 78°36"East; sprawling in an area of 11,000 km2, which is about 19.76% of the total geographical area of the State. This region comprises entire Spiti sub-division (7,589 km2), of Lahaul & Spiti District and Pooh sub-division l3,411km2 of Kinnaur District, respectively. This region is characterized by low rainfall, poor soil, high evapotranspiration rate, shortage of water, high wind velocity and limited working season. The main source of moisture is snowfall which starts in mid-September and ends by April. The great rivers and nallahs, which carve deep gorges far below their steep banks are useless for watering the fields, afforestation sites and pastures lying mostly in terraces like

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