The stereotyping of the Terror made Muslim women a symbol of an alien culture. Lila Abu-Lughod describes how Islam has been transformed and how its women have become the excuse for political and military interventions. These women’s live show us how varied and complicated a woman’s suffering can be. From the abuse of power by security police in Egypt, the most basic conditions of these women’s lives are set by political forces that are local in effect but national and international in origin. The book contains six chapters.
P2 Discuss theories of communication. The communication cycle: refers to the whole process of communication, from the origin to it being understood by the right person. Effective communication involves the process of checking the other person has understood, using reflective listening. Michael Argyle was a social psychologist who researched and developed theories on interpersonal interaction and communication, he focused on both verbal and non-verbal communication. He carried out experiments to test and develop his theory.
There are two forms of perceptual set; that of context and past experience. This experiment tested past experience perceptual set. It tested at what rate humans are influenced by their memory or expectations of what a stimulus is on how they perceive an ambiguous image (a stimulus which can be perceived as two different images). This would be due to the new stimulus being merged with a mental image created by past experiences. Alampay and Bugelski (as cited by Chandler, 1961) conducted a famous experiment which showed the effects of perceptual set.
The process of selecting, organizing and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses. The way sensation and perception work together is that sensory organs take up energy from a physical stimulus in the environment, then sensory receptors switch this energy into neural impulses and send them to the brain, as this is going on, perception comes into play, the brain organizes the information and turns it into something we can understand. During signal detection we attempt to detect what we want to focus on and ignore or not think
Discuss the development of perceptual abilities. Include examples from infant and cross cultural studies in your answer (8+16) The development of perceptual abilities is explained through whether the ability is innate, which would be nature, or whether they are learned, which would be nurture. Thus forming the nature vs nurture debate. There are 2 theories of perception: Gregory’s top down indirect theory and Gibson’s bottom up direct theory. The top down theory states that our mind generates expectations about what we are looking at and these expectations help us make sense of the mass information that reaches our eyes.
Leila Ahmed’s The Discourse of the Veil explores the real source of women’s struggles in Islam versus the purely symbolic ones that the West concentrates its critique on. Since before the 17th century, the West has been forming opinion of the Middle East, depicting what makes it so different. Most of the ideas were focused on women, because they were the most visibly different to “western eyes.” Travelers and crusaders made uninformed assumptions about how women were dressed and how that reflected upon Muslim society. “The thesis of the new colonial discourse of Islam centered on women was that Islam was innately and immutably oppressive to women, that the veil and segregation epitomized that oppression, and that these customs were the fundamental reasons for the general and comprehensive backwardness of Islamic societies” (Ahmed 152). The idea that the veil is holding Islam back as a civilization was greatly encouraged by writer Amin, and
Self-Objectification and Depression Cherish Burtson University of California, Santa Cruz Psychology of Women’s Lives Shelley Grabe Self-objectification and Depression Depression is a serious problem plaguing around one in five American women today, at twice the rates of men (Depression in women: Understanding the gender gap, 2013). Many psychologists interested in women’s issues have found that one major cause of this depression epidemic could be self-objectification (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Western culture objectifies the female body and the media projects images of women as objects made up of sexual parts. Because of this, women internalize these pressures and view themselves from the observer’s perspective as objects, which lead to body shame, restrained eating, sexual dysfunction, and depression. This has devastating effects because it leaves women in a constant state of self-surveillance, and causes a splitting of self between the subjective self and the self as an object (Crawford, 2011).
The changing in the society role of Hmong mothers and daughters led to conflict and misunderstanding between mothers and daughters. The intensity and frequency of these conflicts are dependent upon the differing rates of adaptation and acculturation to U.S. cultural values and lifestyle. This research seeks to identify and discuss significant factors which contribute to conflicts which arise between Hmong mothers and their teenage daughters living in Merced, California as acculturation takes place in the United States. Questions were developed to gather information about the informants' backgrounds, families, mother-daughter relationship, the identification of potential problems, levels of education, and comparison of life style between the United States and Laos. These may provide insights and possible answers to identify conflicts between mothers and daughters as Hmong women integrate into American society.
In conjunction, engagement theory, instructional design theory and constructivism theory help people build goals which are crucial in how people learn. Finally, revealing one main drive all these theories have in common will be revealed. The intent of this paper is to introduce a few theories that help provide guidance in developing andragogy. The environment has a wealth of information to teach. The first theory discussed is social learning theory that was developed in the mid 1980’s by Psychologist Albert Bandura (Ellis.W, n.d.).
Running header: Flashbulb Memories The Psychology of Flashbulb Memories Anthony E. McCaffity Walden University Cognitive Psychology (PSYC-8237-2) Instructor: Dr. Michael Durnam November 20, 2011 Abstract Thinking incorporates a vast set of cognitive processes employed to facilitate learning and the subsequent development of behavior. Cognitive psychology focuses on the mental processes utilized for human beings to engage and function in their environment. Memory is one of the cognitive processes influencing thought and mental acuity. A process of that includes encoding specific information to respond to a stimulus. Memory is also the process of simultaneously using newly acquired information to accomplish differing cognitive