The scenario will be explained and a chart will be complied that will demonstrate how classical conditioning applies to this scenario. Classical Conditioning Theory Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is the founder of the classical conditioning theory. Pavlov, a Russian psychologist was studying the secretion of stomach acids and salivation of dogs when they were presented with different kinds and different amounts of food (Feldman, 2010). While doing so, Pavlov noticed that the amount of salivation would often increase when the dogs had not eaten any food. The mere presence of the person who supplied the food or the footsteps of that person would stimulate the dogs and more stomach acid would be produced (Feldman, 2010).
Then a scenario will be use to explain an example of classical conditioning. In the 20th century, Ivan Pavlov had unexpectedly come across the philosophy of classical conditioning, when he was researching his dogs’ digestion system. During his research he realized that the dogs tend to salivate to the sight of food, so then he paired the food with a bell to see if the
In this experiment, the unconditioned stimulus is the dog food as it produces an unconditioned response, saliva. The conditioned stimulus is the ringing bell and it produces a conditioned response of the dogs producing saliva. Thus we can see that such repetition and pairing influences significantly on behavior. Later another experiment by Watson and Rayner showed that this classical conditioning theory is equally applicable for us human. In his experiment he used Little Albert a 9-month-old infant.
Over several trails, the dog would automatically associate the bell with getting food, causing the dog to salivate when hearing the bell, without receiving any food. The dog had then learnt that the conditional response of salivating that had resulted from the conditioned stimulus of ringing the bell. Pavlov found that the two stimuli’s would have to be presented closely together in order for the dog to be taught the association. (Carolyn Aldworth et al, 2010 &
Classical Conditioning Anthony Trolli PSY/390 October 10, 2011 Brian Newbury Classical Conditioning Theory of Classical conditioning: The theory of classical conditioning is a term that is often used to describe how one learns with the experiences they may have acquired through their experiences. In psychology it can be defined as a permanent change of knowledge or behavior. The one example that is best experiment with the dogs was how he trained the dogs to salivate when they heard the sound of the bell ringing, he first showed them some food which caused the salivation, after a while he would just ring the bell without bringing them food to just cause them to salivate from the sound of the bell ring. One way to define
Phobias are learned through elements of classical conditioning, and addictions can be learned and strengthened through elements of operant conditioning. Distinguishing between Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning, the first type of learning to be systematically studied, is defined as a procedure by which a previously neutral stimulus come to elicit a response after it is paired with a stimulus that automatically elicits that response (Kowalski, 2009). Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, documented and developed the concept of classical conditioning in an experiment he conducted in which he conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus, a bell, is paired with a stimulus, dog food. The dog food is a stimulus that produces a response naturally.
The first of the theories involved in this approach is classical conditioning. This theory was developed by a Russian psychologist called Ivan Pavlov. He did an experiment with dogs to investigate their digestive systems. Classical conditioning theory involves learning a new behavior via the process of association. Two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal.
The behaviorist perspective was developed in the early twentieth century. This perspective focuses on the way stimuli come to control behavior through learning. One of the most well-known examples is Pavlov’s dogs (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). This was an experiment on the digestive system of dogs but during the experiment another discovery was made. The experiment showed that once the dogs became accustomed to hearing a particular noise at mealtime, they began to salivate automatically whenever they heard it.
Classical conditioning: this theory was established by a Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). This theory is the process of reflex learning. Pavlov worked with dogs to investigate the condition and he attached monitors to the mouths and stomachs of dogs to measure the rate of salivation. Since food automatically caused salivation Pavlov called this an unconditional stimulus. After that Pavlov used bell as neutral stimulus and he starts ringing the bell at the same time
Classical conditioning: Learning though Classical conditioning was first studied by Ivon Pavlov. The classical conditioning theory deals with the association of one event with another desired event resulting in a desired behaviour or learning. Here an individual responds to some stimulus that would invariably produce such a response (Stimulus → Response). Unconditioned Stimulus (US)-Meat Unconditioned Response (UR)- Salivation (Neutral Stimulus – Bell is paired with US-Meat) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)-Bell Conditioned Response (CS)-Salivation Thus, under classical conditioning, learning is a conditioned response, which involves building up an association between a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. By pairing the stimuli- one compelling and the other one neutral- the neutral one becomes a conditioned stimulus and hence, takes on the propertied of the unconditioned stimulus.