These tools involve information systems for example CompStat. Lastly this paper will go over the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat analysis that intend to implement predictive policing. Predictive Policing Application of Information Technology in Police Departments Information technology (IT) optimizes police departments’ performance to reduce crime versus random patrols on the streets. Using this method can be very effective in preventing crime. The method of CompStat has been a very successful process.
Other methods are based on facial, iris, voice, handwriting, and signature recognition. Fast and accurate identification enhances officer safety, detects criminals, secures facilities and information systems from unauthorized access, makes borders more secure, and prevents identity theft.” (National Institute of Justice, 2011) Biometric innovations are used in different sectors of the criminal justice system, such as FBI, police agencies, CIA, etc. The FBI is actually the leading sector in the usage of biometrics and biometric developments, they continue to strive and develop new ways to help in the war against crime. “The FBI has long been a leader in biometrics. We’ve used various forms of biometric identification since our earliest days, including assuming responsibility for managing the national fingerprint collection in 1924.
Including new terminology learned from the readings begins with the basics from the chapter discussions. What is Research? “Studious inquiry or examination; especially: investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws” ("National Criminal Justice Reference Service", 2011). New Terminology Replication is repeating or copying something. An example of replication is law enforcement replicating a crime to see how the crime was committed.
The cognitive interview was far superior in producing rich information e.g. a detailed description of the man holding a gun, which would later have allowed police to determine which of the abductors was armed. These results suggest that techniques such as the cognitive interview may pave the way for a new approach to interviewing witnesses in Brazil and other developing countries so it reduced the
Here we will be discussing the potential advantages of using Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, compared to the current destructive techniques being used in body fluid analysis. Introduction The ability to detect body fluids at a crime scene is very important in the field of forensic science. Body fluids give insight into the nature of the crime, as well as identify those present at the crime scene. Further DNA analysis of these fluids helps authorities identify the victim and assailant, and provides evidence that can be used to convict the perpetrator. The most common types of body fluids found at crime scenes are blood, semen, and saliva (Virkler and Lednev, June 2008).
Discuss the use of the cognitive interview in obtaining evidence from eyewitnesses. (12 marks) A cognitive interview is a police technique made for interviewing witnesses of crimes. The cognitive interview encourages them to recreate the scenario of what originally happened to increase the accessibility of stored information; this makes it more likely for the witness to remember more accurate details of the event. Cognitive interviews are important to improve the effectiveness of questioning witnesses and to be able to apply psychological findings to these real life situations. The cognitive interview had been developed by Fisher and Geiselman in 1992.
If the stricter laws were the same throughout the United States, federal and state, it would be a more effective tool to solve crimes in a speedier, more cost effective manner while saving lives and time of everyone involved in the legal system. The Use of DNA in Criminal Investigations An increase in the use of science for the solution of problems has been witnessed in the past two centuries. The significance of these changes often lies on the mindset and openness people have to welcoming new ideas and the judiciousness to see the long-term effects of the changes that could be incorporated in their lives as a result of technological changes. The use of DNA in the analysis of crime and their investigations is one such area. The collection of DNA at time of arrest exists in 25 states, but the United States should adopt this rule in unison because it is cost effective, saves lives and conserves valuable time in the judicial system.
Today's police have an advantage over their counterparts of the 60's and 70's with the help of the invention of the computer, new processes, and new calculations being processed. Information stored in some form of database such as business code violations, burglaries, citations, demographics of age of residences, housing appraisals, utilities usage and many others aspects are used to create an educated guess on where police should focus their efforts on deterring crime. When predictive information is used appropriately this can bring about a great change to law enforcement such as was seen in Santa Cruz Police department that used the data to arrest five criminals. However, the adage of “Garbage in Garbage out” comes into play. Typically, a human handles all data entered into a database and there are always clerical mistakes with data entry.
It is within these three categories that the criminal justice system will resolve contemporary issues and provide new trends to prevent crime. Recent and Future Trends Continual advancement in technology has assisted law enforcement agencies to prevent, prosecute, and deter crime. Criminologists and criminal justice practitioners alike are using advanced technologies such as DNA analysis, wire taping and bugging, surveillance, tracking devices, etc. in order to combat crime. According to Ritter (2006), “Technological advances will also have a great influence on
Forensic Psychology Offender Profiling P1: *Offender profiling is a set of techniques and tools that uses psychological theory and methods to improve criminal investigations. It is a very new field of psychology, and is based on the observation and not the theory. The use of offender profiling in both investigations has become popular and with the pressure to use it as evidence in court, it is important that an in-depth investigation is made into its validity and that it is backed by observation research. Offender profiling is also known as criminal profiling, criminal personality profiling, criminological profiling, behavioral profiling or criminal investigative analysis. There are so many different names because of the multiple television shows such as Profiler in the 1990s and The Silence of the Lambs.