Over time, the Mexican government became more centralized, less federalist, and eventually steered the Texans to call for independence. Early in March 1836, Texas declared its independence from Mexico; and for the next two months, bloody battles ensued. Mexico, under supreme dictator and President Santa Anna, vowed to remove the Anglo-American brigands from Mexico. Sam Houston’s small, undertrained and underequipped army of ragtag volunteers conducted a tactical retreat to gain time, manpower, and material as well as spread the Mexican army’s supply lines over one thousand miles. Houston’s goal was to conduct a campaign of his choosing and not that of the Mexican army.
President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, the president of Mexico at the time, started to move the governmental system of Mexico towards a dictatorship. This in conjunction with the annulment of the constitution of 1824 early in the year of 1835 cause compelled large numbers of federalists to revolt. Though Texas was a part of Mexico at the time, many of its residents were used to a federalist government paired with vast amounts of freedoms. One of these freedoms that these residents missed the most was freedom, and the right, to own slaves. The Texians became quite displeased with Mexico’s shift towards centralism and their abolition of slavery in 1831.
The Cry of Dolores marked the beginning of the long and bloody Mexican War of Independence, which would not conclude until 1821. Millions were killed or displaced in this long conflict. During his trial, Hidalgo seemed to understand what he had wrought and recanted his actions, perhaps foreseeing the bloodbath to come. The Cry of Dolores was the spark that ignited the tinderbox of long pent-up resentment of the Spanish in Mexico. Taxes had been raised to pay for fiascoes like the disastrous (for Spain) 1805 Battle of Trafalgar and in 1808 Napoleon invaded Spain, deposed the king and placed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne.
Ana Rivas 02/25/2011 New Orleans Literature Sec.002 Essay #1 Before the 18th century, what we now know as Louisiana was part of the vast French crown empire. Then when France was defeated in the Seven Years’ War, France was forced to divide Louisiana and give part to Britain and part to Spain, and thus Louisiana became a pawn between Britain and Spain. Britain decided to make up for their “seize” of Florida from Spain and granted Spain their portion of Louisiana. European control of Louisiana ended in 1803 when Napoleon, plagued by vast obligations in Europe, decided to sell Louisiana to the United States through the Louisiana Purchase. The short story “Tite Poulette”, by George Washington Cable takes place right after the Louisiana Purchase, which requires one to understand the importance of Louisiana’s vast, tumultuous history.
[pic] The holiday of Cinco De Mayo, is celebrated on the 5th of May, which commemorates the victory of the Mexican military over the French army at The Battle Of Puebla in 1862. It is primarily a regional holiday celebrated in the Mexican state capital city of Puebla and throughout the state of Puebla, with some limited recognition in other parts of Mexico, and especially in United States cities with a significant Mexican population.The battle at Puebla in 1862 had happened at a very violent and chaotic time in Mexico's history. Mexico had finally gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a difficult and bloody struggle, and a number of internal political takeovers and wars, including the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and the Mexican Civil War of 1858, which had ruined the national economy.During this period of struggle, Mexico had accumulated heavy debts to several nations, including Spain, England and France, who were demanding repayment. When Mexico had finally stopped making any loan payments, France had took action on its own to install Napoleon III's relative, Archduke Maximilian of Austria, as ruler of Mexico. The french army were marching on toward Mexico City, when they had encountered a strong resistance near Puebla at the Mexican forts of Loreto and Guadalupe.
The Duke, having interest in military conquest, followed the exploits of the American Army engaged in the Mexican War. He became keenly interested in the exploits of General Scott, and according to For the common defense: A Military History of the United States from 1607 to 2012 (3rd Edition) (2012), when learning that Scott had abandoned both his supply and communication lines in the early part of August of 1847, to push towards Mexico City, stated the opinion, “Scott is lost…. he can’t take the city, and he can’t fall back upon his base.” (p. 139). Scott and his Army was however not lost, and when the campaign ended he had pulled off an amazing victory which according to For the common defense: A Military History of the United States from 1607 to 2012 (3rd Edition) (2012), gave rise to the Duke of Wellington exclaiming that Scott was “the greatest living soldier”, and “urged young English officers to study the Veracruz-Mexico City campaign”, which he considered “unsurpassed in military annals.” (p. 140). What exactly was it about this campaign that would later have military leaders and historians calling it “one of the finest in the annals of American warfare”.
Just before he left for Mexico, Governor Velazquez revoked Cortez's commission because he feared that Cortez would not recognize his authority once in Mexico. Cortez however, left anyway, and later destroyed his ships so that men loyal to the governor would not have the ability to return to Cuba. When they arrived in Mexico, the Spaniards imprisoned many captives and later founded a town called La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, now called Veracruz. One of the prisoners, Malinche, became his lady and acted as a guide and an interpreter. Cortez established an independent government and only recognized the authority of the Spanish crown.
Cinco de Mayo Essay Rochonna Shaw April 18, 2014 1st Period Cinco de Mayo, also known as May 5th, is a Mexican holiday. This is a very important holiday for Mexico because this is the day they praised the winning of the Mexican army over the French army. This particular winning took place in 1862 at The Battle of Puebla. Cinco de Mayo is a nationwide holiday; besides being celebrated only in Mexico, it is celebrated in various American cities that hold a distinctively large Mexican population. The Cinco de Mayo celebration praises the Mexican food, culture, entertainment, and customs.
The culture of the Southwest is predominantly Hispanic of Mexican-American origin. The Mexican-American experience, history and heritage are intensified in its inhabitants. Mexican-American culture is not simply a blend of Mexico and the United States but the result of a unique historical process that developed with an originality all its own. The Embassy of Mexico chronicles the history of Mexico as so; the Pre-Hispanic Era was between 1200 B.C.-1521 A.D. and there were five major native societies that impacted the history of Mexico; the Olmecs, Mayans, Zapotecs/Mixtecs, Toltecs, and Aztecs. The Olmecs were the first recognized culture and they were significant because many past cultures borrowed religious, architectural and artistic customs from them.
EL SALON MEXICO – Aaron Copland - 1936 CONTEXTUAL ISSUES: First performed in Mexico City by the Orquesta Sinfonia de Mexico, under the direction of Carlos Chavez with Copland present. (1936) El Salon Mexico- represents Copland’s Third Compositional Style Period Represents Copland’s “ souvenir of his first visit to Mexico Copland’s Compositional Periods: Study in Paris 1921-1924 First Style Period (French –Jazz – 1924-1929) Second Style Period (Abstract- 1929 – 1935) Europe, Africa, America, Mexico Third Style Period (1934 – 1955) America Folk – Gebrauchsmusik Gebrauchsmusik –defined – music for use term originated in Germany 1927 Two types – 1. Developing music for amateurs to perform operettas, cantatas for School children to perform or audience participation 2. Performance by professionals for wider audiences including incidental music for T.V. Radio light operas or music that has political and social significance in a changing world 1st visit fall of 1932 Conceived writing a piece based on Mexican themes Began working on it in 1933 – Completed in 1936 Popular dance hall called Salon Mexico Copland’s hope was to “reflect the Mexico of tourists Salon Mexico was a “…hot spot, one felt in a very natural and unaffected way, a close contact with the Mexican people.