“Chronotopes of Modernism”

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“CHRONOTOPES OF MODERNISM” INTRODUCTION The term chronotope was developed by Mikhail Bakhtin in his essay ‘Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel’. According to Bakhtin, a chronotope is “the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships that are artistically expressed in literature”1. The term chronotope has been taken up from natural sciences2 and applied to literary theory. In this paper I intend to establish the chronotopes of modernity considering two major novels of twentieth century: ‘Mrs Dalloway’ by Virginia Woolf(1925) and ‘Heart of Darkness’ by Joseph Conrrad(1902). CONCEPT OF CHRONOTOPE Bakhtin’s book ‘The Dialogic Imagination’ gaind popularity because unlike other literary theorists whose works were centred around the analysis of characters and the content of novels, Bakhtin concentrated on the form of the novel. Using the concept of chronotopes, Bakhtin establishes two observations which were not talked about earlier. Firstly, a novelist organises his work according to the choice of chronotopes i.e. the chronotopes in a novel defines its generic distinctions. The workings of time and space in a novel were not much delved into and remained a sot of absent feature before Bakhtin’s theory of chronotopes. Secondly, Bakhtin insists that it is impossible to separate the two entities of time and space. They always work in a conjunction. Organisation of one will essentially determine how the other will function. Apart from the eight types of chronotopes defined by him in ‘Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel’, Bakhtin also establishes certain adjacent chronotopes in the ‘Concluding Remarks’ of his book, namely:........................................ WHAT IS MODERNISM? Virginia Woolf in her essay ‘Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Brown’ observes that “on or about December,1910, human character changed.”3 The question arises that what
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