Case Study Risk of Infectious and Communicable Diseases Cholera, a gastrointestinal infection caused by toxigenic bacterium, Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139, can cause acute, severe, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and death. Known risk factors for cholera outbreaks include lack of access to safe drinking water, contaminated food, inadequate sanitation, and large numbers of refugees or internally displaced persons. The 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti following a severe earthquake and flooding underscored the vulnerability of populations due to poor sanitation, a strained public health infrastructure, and large numbers of displaced people. The earthquake in January 2010, damaged drinking water treatment facilities and piped water distribution systems throughout Haiti, and displaced an estimated 2.3 million people, the flooding that occurred later in the year exacerbated the problems. As of mid-November 2010, the Haitian Ministry of
At the time, it was deadly – the constant loss of fluids caused such severe dehydration that the patients often fell into comas and died. Snow was an epidemic doctor, and the first to prove there was a link between water and cholera. In 1854, he worked on Broad Street in Soho, London. This street and
However I know from my own knowledge that the 19th century was a time of massive heath reforms in Britton. With this in mind I can start to see different aspects of the three sources, which might make them agree that cholera epidemics cause people to question public heath. Source 13, does not agree or disagree with the question, which does not make the source very useful. However there is a small passage about the effect that Cholera had at the very end of the source, it does say that Cholera got “attention from everyone, from all shades and all forms of opinion.” I know that in the early 19th century the government relied on the middle class for money and votes to stay in parliament. So if people from “all shades” where suddenly worried about Cholera then the government would have to start putting work into finding out the cause of Cholera.
The change in climate and adverse weather conditions led to less agricultural productivity. The malnutrition led to the lack of antibodies people had in their immune system, therefore may have caused the Europeans to die more quickly. Poor sanitation was a major factor in the cities that led up to the contagious symptoms of the plague. The towns had no running water. Without running water, people didn’t bathe or wash their clothes.
The “Forgotten Country” of Djibouti The small country of Djibouti, that is often referred to as the “forgotten country” is plagued by social, economic and environmental factors. With a drug addiction that is accepted as a social norm to an opiate based drug called khat, the population has stifled itself. The poverty caused partly by a Civil War has left a devastating mark on the economy. The high mortality rate can be attributed to disease, lack of sanitation and readily available medicine. It is important to look at how a population’s addiction to drugs, poverty and high mortality rate can affect the overall success of a nation.
Enchanted Lion Books. 2005: 48-55. This source was my second best source. It told about the first and largest outbreak of the Black Plague. This source told estimates and records of how many died from this horrific plague.
The second of these methods is not often used today and only done in unadvanced cultures, but the first of these methods was used as late as the summer of 2014 in the prevention of spreading an outbreak of the bacteria Yersina pestis. The outbreak caused major parts of the Chinese port city of Yumen to be completely lock downed after a death was attributed to the plague (Kaimen). In the time of the Black Death the quarantine method usually did not work as effectively the modern day equivalent but is viewed as the first instance in which quarantines were heavily used to fight
First, it was from the bacterium known as Yersinia pestis. (Wade, 2010) There are three different forms of the plague. The first is the Bubonic Plague, which is the most common form, known for its buboes, which are painfully swollen lymph nodes in the armpit, groin or neck. Septicemic plague, which spreads in the bloodstream, comes either via fleas or from contact with plague-infected body matter. Lastly there is the pneumonic plague, the most infectious type, is an advanced stage of bubonic plague when the disease starts being passed directly, person to person, through airborne droplets coughed from the lungs.
In fact, the bubonic plague affected England more than once in that century but its impact on English society from 1348 to 1350 was terrible. No amount of medical knowledge could help England when the bubonic plague struck. It was also to have a major impact on England’s social structures which lead to the Peasants Revolt of 1381. The Black Death was caused by fleas carried by rats that were very common in towns and cities. The fleas bit into their victims literally injecting them with the disease.
The Black Plague The Black Plague, also known as the Black Death or the Bubonic Plague, was a devastating time for Europe. It was so bad that people were unable to have proper funerals for their dead loved ones. There had to be mass burials and cremations of the bodies. The Black Plague was caused by a horrible bacteria that killed millions of people and caused a large economic collapse as it spread quickly throughout Europe, and while it may not be extremely common today it is still very much in existence. The Black Plague was caused by a bacteria, Yersinia pestis.