Na and Mg are electropositive so they lose electrons in reactions and oxygen atoms form oxide ions O2-. Oxide ions are strong bases because they can accept protons from water. So, sodium peroxide and magnesium oxide are basic. Al2O3 is amphoteric as it has reactions as both a base and an acid. Si, P, S and Cl are increasingly electronegative.
Main – group metals usually for one cation (positive ion). In a binary ionic compound the metal (cation) is named first. Then the nonmetal (anion) is named, and the suffix -ide is added. To create the formula, you switch the charges, and that tells you how many of each element you will need. For example: Cation Anion Formula Name of Compound Ba2+ I- Ba2+ I- Barium Ion Iodide Ion BaI2 Barium Iodide Type 2: Binary Ionic Type 2 Binary Ionic compounds consist of a metal and a nonmetal.
Solutions with a pH value below 7.0 are considered acidic, whereas solutions with pH value above 7.0 are basic. As most naturally occurring organic compounds are weak protolytes, carboxylic acids and amines, pH indicators find many applications in biology and analytical chemistry. Moreover, pH indicators form one of the three main types of indicator compounds used in chemical analysis. For the quantitative analysis of metal cations, the use of complexometric indicators is preferred, whereas the third compound class, the redox indicators, are used in titrations involving a redox reaction as the basis of the analysis. Contents [hide] 1 Theory 2 Application 3 Commercial preparations 4 Naturally occurring pH indicators 5 See also 6 References [edit]Theory In and of themselves, pH indicators are frequently weak acids or weak bases.
Principles Amino Acids are weak polyprotic acids, which means contain more than one mole ionizable hydronium ions per mole of acid. Since amino acids can be present in zwitterion form at a neutral pH this allows the amphoteric molecules to be titrated with both acid and base. A main characteristic of all amino acids is that they have an acidic group (COOH) and basic group (NH2) that are attached to a carbon, and also contain ionizable groups that act as weak acids or bases. These give off or take on protons which results in altered pH. Amino acids are considered to be strong acids because they have a strong charge on the amino group.
(2) hydrogen ion contains 1 electron and 1 proton, H+ ion forms when H ion lost an electron, and therefore it’s is the same thing as a proton 6. What is the chemical formula for a hydronium ion? (1) H3O+ 7. Show the relationship between a proton and a hydronium ion. Explain why one is essentially the same as the other.
Chemistry Design Lab Kim Li Feb 20th,11 Investigating the effect of different concentration of nitric acid on the its drop volume DESIGN Introduction: Intermolecular forces are forces that hold molecules together. They play important roles in determining the properties of a substance, properties such as boiling point, volatility, viscosity, miscibility, and electrical conductivity. [6] Examples of intermolecular forces include Van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding. Van der Waals forces are temporary dipole all species can form due to uneven distribution of electrons. Dipole-dipole forces are permanent dipoles due to different electronegativity.
We give the acidity of an aqueous solution in terms of the pH. pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the molar hydrogen-ion concentration. A pH of 7 means that a solution is neutral. A pH of below 7 means that a solution is acidic; a pH of above 7 means that a solution is basic. Gilbert Newton Lewis postulated the electron pair relationship of acids and bases that is known as the Lewis theory of acids and bases.
13. Strong base: A base that dissociates entirely into metal ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solution. 14. Weak base: A base that ionizes only partially in dilute aqueous solution to form the conjugate acid of the base and hydroxide ion. 15.
When weak acids or weak bases react with water, they make strong conjugate bases or conjugate acids, respectively, which determines the pH of the salt Strong Acids: These acids completely ionize in solution so they are always represented in chemical equations in their ionized form. There are only seven (7) strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO3, HClO4 Weak Acids: These are the most common type of acids. They follow the equation: HA(aq) H+(aq) +
Structure of Ethyl Acetate (Toxipedia 2010) | The polar interactions between the solutions and both of the absorbent and the solvent can occur as a dipole-dipole interaction, the result of the contact of two polar molecules with permanent dipoles such as hydrogen bonding and also dipole-induced dipole interaction in which a molecule with a permanent dipole polarizes another molecule. While dipole-dipole interactions are particularly strong, the dipole-induced dipole interactions are much weaker, for instance, Van der Waals interactions (Library 4 Science 2008). These interactions will assist in the determination of the polarity of substances. The compounds provided are Acetaminophen, Acetylsalicylic acid, Ibuprofen, Caffeine and two unknown mixtures. By judging known substances with those unknown it might be possible to determine if any of the known are included in the unknown mixtures due to the different polarity of