To perform this experiment, we will utilize emission spectra, titrations, and thermal gravimetric analysis, using knowledge from Experiments 10, 4, Titrations of Na2CO3 and NAHCO3 by HCl (hydrochloric acid) will be performed to determine the concentration of HCl, as well as the number of moles of HCl present within the sample of baking soda. As a result, we will be able to determine the molar concentration of HCl by determining its equivalence point (the point on the graph where the exact amount of rectant needed to perform a reaction has been added) from graphical analysis. Na2CO3(aq.) + HCl(aq.) ==> NaHCO3(aq.)
The goal of this lab was to discover the unknown group 1 metal (M) of the compound M2CO3 by dissolving the compound in water and adding a solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2 to the solution in order to precipitate the carbonate ions to reveal the molar mass of the unknown element, thus determining the identity of the unknown element. The initial hypothesis was that the metal carbonate would be potassium carbonate, or K2CO3, because potassium is a group 1 element that is very similar to calcium, but there are many other group 1 elements that
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the rate constants and ionic strengths of the series and to prove the Bronsted relation. In order to do so, known amounts of KI, Na2S2O3, KNO3, EDTA, starch and K2S2O8 were mixed up, and placed in the spectrophotometer until the %T reached 60%, and time was recorded. In the first part of the calculations, for flask 1, 2 and 3, the true reaction rate was calculated using the equation k = (1/∆t) x ([S2O32-]/[Iodine][S2O82-]). Which resulted in values of 2.8878765.66 x 10-3 s-1 , 3.159845 x 10-3 s-1, and 3.079703 x 10-3 s-1, these values are all similar to each other since they contain no electrolyte reacting with the persulfate solution. The apparent reaction rate was calculated using the equation, kapp= (1/∆t) x ([S2O32-]/[S2O82-]) which resulted in apparent rate constants of 5.66 x 10-5 s-1, 6.1958 x 10-5 s-1, 6.0356 x 10-5 s-1.
6. The actual concentration of the solution was determined using the mass of sample weighed. Preparation of Primary Standard Solution 1. 1.576g of oxalic acid was weighed on the balance. 2.
One of the applications of Hess' Law is to determine the enthalpy change for a reaction by combining other reactions to get the desired reaction, then combining the enthalpy changes for the reactions to get delta H for the reaction under consideration. An exothermic enthalpy change is always Assessed Practical: Planning Introduction: The aim of this experiment is to find the enthalpy change for the decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate. 2NaHCO = Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O Using the enthalpy change of the following reactions. Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate: NaHCO3 + HCl = NaCl + CO2 + H2O Sodium carbonate: Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Apparatus Sodium hydrogen carbonate Sodium carbonate Polystyrene Cup x 2 Measuring cylinder 50cm³ x 2 Weighing scale Weighing boats Thermometer degrees Spatula HCl acid 2M Prediction Background Information Hess' Law states that the enthalpy change for a reaction is the same whether the reaction occurs directly or in steps. This is a direct consequence of the fact that enthalpy, is a state function.
Introduction A titration was carried out in this experiment to find the concentration of hydrochloric acid is an unknown solution. The aim of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of sodium hydroxide in hydrochloric acid and then to determine the number of moles of sodium hydroxide present in gastric juices. Titration, or volumetric analysis, is a common laboratory procedure for the analysis of substances and solutions. In a titration, the analyst determines the volume of a solution, called a titrant, that reacts exactly with a known weight or volume of another substance. This reaction is carried out by adding a solution of reactant hydrochloric acid from a burette to a solution of sodium hydroxide until just sufficient of hydrochloric acid has been added to react with all of the sodium hydroxide.
TITRATION OF AN ACID (A PREPARED STANDARD SOLUTION OF KH₅O₄C₈) AGAINST A BASE (NAOH) USING PHENOLPHTHALEIN AS AN INDICATOR BY GRACE The aim of this experiment is to prepare a standard solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KH₅O₄C₈) and then use it to calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide by titrating the acid (KH₅O₄C₈) against the base (NaOH). Before the whole experiment could take place, some apparatus were needed which included the following; A weighing balance, burette, pipette, a conical flask, clamp and then the setup was as below; THEORY To calculate for the moles of KH₅O₄C₈, I used n (mol) =m (g)/M (gmol⁻ⁱ (JOHN GREEN AND SADRU DAMJI, PG 6 OF CHAPTER 1.THIRD EDITION). Whereby m=mass of the acid, M=molar mass of the acid and n=number of moles. Molar mass of KH₅O₄C₈ is 204.1g/mol and its mass is 1g Therefore=1g/204.1gmol⁻ⁱ n=0.0048996mol Further more, to calculate for the concentration of the acid, I used C(moldm⁻3.) =n (mol)/v (dm3) Whereby c=concentration, n=number of moles and v=volume used.
Titration lab report Chemistry unit 3 Abstract In this investigation it was looked at the titration of HCL with NaOH, this is a neutralization reaction that is performed in lab in order to determine an unknown concentration of acid (HCL). In this investigation the moles and concentration of acid as well as the Ph of the solution were find out, the mole of 25ml of HCL was 0.65, concentration was 0.026 and the Ph of solution was 1.58Ph. Introduction Titration is a process to measure the volume of an end product, which is produced by reacting a solution of known concentration with a measured volume of a solution of an unknown concentration. The known concentration solution is called a standard solution, it will be added from a buret to allow measure the amount of solution which is added. The solution that is added by buret also called titrant.
What would you expect to happen if a solution of sodium benzoate was acidified? Write an equation. If a solution of sodium benzoate was acidified, Na in sodium benzoate solution will displaced by the H+ from the acid and thus producing benzoic acid. (C6H5)COO-Na+ + H2O/H+ → (C6H5)COOH + Na+ + OH- 3. Use your answers to Questions 1 and 2 to explain how a water-insoluble organic acid might be freed of non-acidic impurities.
Experiment 15: Molar Mass Determination by Freezing Point Depression Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine the molar mass of camphor by determining the freezing point depression of cyclohexane. In this experiment a sample of the solvent cyclohexane was cooled to its freezing point and a cooling curve was constructed. A known mass of camphor was added to the known mass of camphor and the freezing point of the solution was determined using equations 1 and 2. From the freezing point depression the molality of the camphor can be calculated and then the molar mass, by using equation 3. If Tf(solvent) is defined as the freezing point of the pure solvent, and if Tf(solution) is defined as the freezing point of the solution, then the freezing point depression (in °C) is given by equation 1: ΔTf = Tf(solvent) - Tf(solution) (1) The freezing point depression ΔTf is related to m, the molality of the solution particles, given in equation 2: ΔTf = Kf m (2) If a known mass of a solute is placed into a known mass of solvent, and the freezing point depression relative to the pure solvent determined, then the molar mass (MM) of the solute can be determined by using the appropriate Kf value for the solvent, equation 3: ΔTf = Kf (mol/kg solvent) = Kf (g solute/MM solute) / kg solvent (3) Procedure Determination of the Freezing Point of Cyclohexane A 20 x 50 mm test tube was rinsed clean with cyclohexane.