It is known that chlorine is more electronegative than bromine, and thus chlorine is more reactive, and less discriminatory as to what it will react with, thus making bromine more “selective”. Another pertinent piece of information to look at would be stability. The stability of a free radical increases as the number of carbon substituents increases. Therefore, primary is the least stable and tertiary is the most stable. Also, the more stable the free radical that is left behind, the weaker its C-H bond strength will be.
With the use of this technique we placed chlorine, bromine, and iodine into solutions containing chloride, bromide, and iodide. In the reaction the free halogen (X2) oxidizes the other halide ion (Y-) and gets reduced by gaining electron(s). In table 3, chlorine was the strongest oxidizing agent and iodine was the weakest oxidizing agent. Since chlorine was the strongest oxidizing agent it will react more and the weak agent will react less. This explanation can be demonstrated in table 3 also because the results of the reactions demonstrates that chloride reacted more by the color of the product compared to the color of chloride in the mineral oil.
Even though the results under hexane and toluene are similar, the distances of original mixture, first and second fraction are different from hexane and toluene solvent because they have different polarity. As first fraction containing fluorene, which is much non-polar than fluoreone, fluorene in first fraction is much easier to carry by the moving non-polar solvent. Thurs, as the more non-polar the solvent is the longer distance that fluorene will move. Since hexane has larger non-polar carbon-hydrogen single bond groups than toluene, it is much non-polar than toluene. As the result of this, it can explain why the distance of fluorine in hexane is longer (1.3 cm) than the one in toluene (0.5 cm) and due to less non polar toluene has.
Synthesis of Methyl Stearate Post-Lab Submitted by Matthew Sharma TA: Evan Determining the Limiting Reagent Methyl Oleate (MW= 296.49 g/mol) Amount used = 1.141g (1.141g)(1mol / 296.49g) = 0.003848 mol ∴ The limiting reagent for the reaction is methyl oleate because hydrogen is used in excess Theoretical Yield Methyl Stearate (0.003848 mol)(298.504g/mol product) = 1.1486 g methyl stearate Percent Yield Given the 1:1 stoichiometry of the reaction: 100% x (0.2551g product / 1.1486g theoretical yield) = 22.2% Conclusion A 22.2% yield of synthesized methyl stearate was obtained via the catalytic hydrogenation of methyl oleate in the presence of the catalyst 10% palladium on carbon. The product
2-propanol (bp=82 degrees C) 3. tetrahydofuran (bp=65 degrees C) 4. 1-butanol (bp=118 degrees C) 5. butanone (bp=80 degrees C) Give a better separation for the mixture to be distilled tetrahydofuran (bp=65 degrees C) because it is farthest from 100 degrees C Which alkyl halide would react fastest in a nucleophilic substitution using silver nitrate in ethanol (weak nucleophile, protic solvent)? 3-bromo-3-methylpentane (most
Therefore the two kinds of fatty acids compete for same enzyme complex; however, monounsaturated fatty acids are formed in greater concentration than VLCSFA. The reduction in the elongation of VLCSFA and a diet low in VLCSFA will slow the demyelination
Define heat of reaction. -Is the overall energy absorbed or released during the solution process. 2. Distinguish between exothermic and endothermic processes. -Exothermic is energy needed to break the bonds is less than the energy released and endothermic is the energy needed to break the bonds is greater than the energy released.
A) Hydrogen bonds are strong enough to confer structural stability, for example in DNA. B) Hydrogen bonds are weak enough to be easily broken (weaker than covalent bonds). C) They contribute to the water solubility of many macromolecules. D) All of the above Answer: D Page Ref: Section 5 27) London dispersion forces are attractive forces that arise due to A) infinitesimal dipoles generated by the constant random motion of electrons. B) permanent dipoles of molecules containing covalent bonds between atoms of very different electronegativities.
What is the reason for this difference in melting points? (3 points) Ionic compounds have higher melting and boiling points than covalent compounds. This is because the electrostatic attraction in an ionic bond is very strong which means lots of heat energy is needed to break it down. Ionic bonds have high melting and boiling points. On the other hand covalent bonds, the intermolecular forces are very weak and is easily broken,hence lesser heat is required and thus covalent bonds have lower melting and boiling points.
enteric coating, sugar coating, delayed coating etc. Solvent should be selected according to the characteristics of the coating agent. 2. Starting material: Dimension of tablets greatly affects the coating process. In powder coating the particles size, shape and density affects the coating process.